Promoting Cognitive Resilience and Reducing Frailty in Older Veterans With Bright Light Therapy

Sleep quality as assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI contains 19 self-rated questions that combined to form 7 component scores, each with a range of 0 to 3 points. These in turn are added to yield a global score with a range of 0 to 21 points. Higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.

The Short physical performance battery (SPPB) is a battery of test often used in geriatric research to capture functional capacity in older adults. The test includes a balance and coordination assessment via asking participants to hold stances with three different foot positions (side-by-side, semi-tandem, and tandem: score 0-4), a gait speed test of approximately 10 feet (score 0-4 based on time), and a chair rise timed test where a participant is asked to rise from a chair 5 times (score 0-4 based on time). The composite score is therefore 0 to 12. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Frailty is a syndrome marked by greater susceptibility to adverse outcomes like falls and disability. We will be using the Fried Frailty Phenotype that includes: 1) unexpected weight loss of 5% or more in the last year or BMI < 18.5; score 0 or 1 if positive, 2) grip strength with BMI dependent cut points for men and women; score 0 or 1 if positive, 3) gait speed with height and sex dependent cutoffs; score 0 or 1 if positive, 4) activity assessed by a survey of the frequency of mild/moderate/energetic physical activity; score of 0 or 1, the latter if positive for hardly ever or never engaging in moderate or energetic physical activity, and 5) endurance assessed by survey of bed rest during the day; score of 0 or 1, the latter if occurring every day or every week. The composite score is therefore 0 to 5. Higher scores indicate more frailty.

Participants are asked to perform a timed walk of approximately 15 feet in length.

Change from baseline to endpoint at 12 weeks Leg and arm strength will be measured using a small handheld dynamometer where the device is placed on the wrist or ankle as the participant is asked to extend or contract the limb with full force.

Body composition will be measured using bioelectric impedance (BIA) - a technique where participants are asked to stand on the measurement device and hold on to two metal handles. A light - and non-detectable - current is then transmitted allowing for collection of body fat and lean mass in the subject. The assessment takes roughly 2-3 minutes.

Chronic inflammation may be indicative of distress and lead to chronic diseases. The study will examine the change in interleukin-6 in picograms per milliliter in serum from baseline to endpoint at 12 weeks.

Objectively measure sleep quantity using FITBIT Charge 5 devices. These devices are worn on the wrist and can measure total sleep time.

Objectively measure activity using FITBIT Charge 5 actigraphy devices. These devices are worn on the wrist and capture total steps.

Cognitive status will be assessed using the VA - St. Louis University Mental Survey (VA-SLUMS) involving memory tests, shape recognition, and story recall. The survey scores range from 0 to 30, with a higher score representing greater cognitive capability.

Serum cognitive marker: change in Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in picograms per milliliter from baseline to endpoint after 12 weeks.

Sleepiness as assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, which contains 8 self-rated questions with an aggregate score range of 0 to 24.

Fatigue as assessed by the Brief Fatigue Inventory, which contains 9 self-rated questions with an aggregate score range of 0 to 90.

Sleep disorders as assessed by the Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire, which contains 32 self-rated questions with an aggregate score range of 32 and 160. Higher scores indicate more sleep disorders.

Serum cognitive marker: change in amyloid beta 42/40 ratio (a unitless measure derived from the ratio of serum amyloid-beta 42 in picograms per milliliter divided by serum amyloid-beta 40 in picograms per milliliter) from baseline to endpoint after 12 weeks.

Cognivue to assess cognition. This is a computer based combinatorial visual and reaction time test, which is scored 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better cognitive performance.

Objectively measure duration of sleep stages using FITBIT Charge 5 devices. These devices are worn on the wrist and assess time spent in light, deep, and REM sleep stages.

Serum cognitive marker: plasma levels of phosphorylated tau (P-tau) in picograms per milliliter from baseline to endpoint after 12 weeks.

Chronic inflammation may be indicative of distress and lead to chronic diseases. The study will examine the change in interleukin-10 in picograms per milliliter in serum from baseline to endpoint at 12 weeks.

Insomnia as assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index, which contains 7 self-rated questions with an aggregate score range of 0 to 28.

Sleep chronotype as assessed by the Morningness/Eveningness survey, which contains 19 self-rated questions with an aggregate score range of 19 to 72.

Change from baseline to endpoint at 12 weeks Quality of life assessment is performed using the Quality of life, enjoyment, and satisfaction questionnaire - short form (Q-LES-Q-SF) survey instrument. The survey instrument scores from 0 to 70 with a greater score representing better quality of life.

Anxiety and depression as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), which contains 14 self-rated questions with an aggregate score range of 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety and depression.

Chronic inflammation may be indicative of distress and lead to chronic diseases. The study will examine the change in C-reactive protein in picograms per milliliter in serum from baseline to endpoint at 12 weeks.