Prognostic Role of AI-Echo

To compare the duration of echocardiographic image acquisition and atrial strain analysis using an AI-assisted echocardiography software versus the conventional manual method in patients admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CCU). All measurements will be performed using the same ecocardiography machine and by the same operator to ensure consistency. The outcome will be assessed by measuring the time (in minutes) required to complete image acquisition and atrial strain analysis with each method.

To assess the variation in left atrial reservoir strain (LASr), measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography, between hospital admission and discharge in patients admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CCU). Measurements will be performed in each patient at two time points: within 24 hours of admission and within 24 hours prior to discharge.

To assess the variation in left atrial conduit strain (LAScd), measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography, between hospital admission and discharge in patients admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CCU). Measurements will be performed in each patient at two time points: within 24 hours of admission and within 24 hours prior to discharge.

To assess the variation in left atrial contractile strain (LASct), measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography, between hospital admission and discharge in patients admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CCU). Measurements will be performed in each patient at two time points: within 24 hours of admission and within 24 hours prior to discharge.

To evaluate whether changes in atrial strain parameters (ΔLASr, ΔLASct, ΔLAScd), measured via speckle-tracking echocardiography, correlate with the incidence of in-hospital worsening of heart failure (Unit of Measure: % of patients with in-hospital worsening heart failure). Worsening is defined as the need for intensification of diuretic therapy, initiation of inotropes, transfer to higher-level care, or an increase in NT-proBNP levels compared to baseline (measured in pg/mL).

To assess the incidence of complications (% of patients with at least one procedural complication) related to diagnostic or interventional procedures during hospitalization, including but not limited to pericardial effusion, vascular access complications, and device-related issues. Events will be recorded based on clinical documentation and adjudicated by the clinical team.

To assess the incidence of infections acquired during hospitalization (% of patients with at least one in-hospital infection), defined by clinical diagnosis supported by laboratory/microbiological findings and initiation of antimicrobial therapy.

To assess the incidence of thromboembolic events (% of patients with at least one thromboembolic event) during hospitalization, including ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism, confirmed by imaging and/or laboratory criteria.