Preventive Intervention to Promote Healthy Ageing

Primary outcomes

1. Assessment of depression: The Geriatric Depression Scale - GDS

   Time frame: 12 weeks

   The Geriatric Depression Scale may be used with healthy, medically ill, and mild to moderately cognitively impaired older adults. It has been extensively used incommunity, acute care, and long-term care settings. A Short Form GDS consisting of 15 questions was developed in 1986. The total score of the Geriatric Depression Scale can ranged from 0 to 15 points, and higher score indicates more depression symptoms. Scores of 0-4 are considered normal, 5-8 indicate mild depression; 9-11 indicate moderate depression; and12-15 indicate severe depression.

2. Assessment of anxiety: Geriatric Anxiety Inventory - GAI

   Time frame: 12 weeks

   The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory Scale consists of 20 "Agree/Disagree" items designed to assess the typical common anxiety symptoms. The total score of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory Scale can ranged from 0 to 20 points, and higher score indicates more anxiety.

3. Assessment of cognitive functioning: Montreal Cognitive Assessment - MoCA

   Time frame: 12 weeks

   The MoCA evaluates different types of cognitive abilities. Theseinclude - orientation, short-term memory, executivefunction/visuospatial ability (language abilities, abstraction, animalnaming, attention), clock-drawing test. Scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment range from 0 to 30, with a score of 26 and higher generally considered normal. The scoring breakdown is as follows: visuospatial and executivefunctioning (5 points), animal naming (3 points), attention (6 points), language (3 points), abstraction (2 points), delayed recall (5 points), orientation (6 points), Test MoCA makes it possible to identify sooner the early cognitive disorders, because it evaluates one's memory in detail and analyzes the executive functions.

4. Assessment of quality of life: OPQOL-CZ-20 (Older People's Quality of Life Questionnai-re).

   Time frame: 12 weeks

   The Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQoL-brief) consisted of 13 statements, with the participants being asked to indicate the extent to which they agree with each statement by selecting one of five possible options ("strongly disagree", "disagree", "neither agree nor disagree", "agree" and "strongly agree"). The range in the original version is based on the principle of point allocation (1-5). The items are summed to provide a total OPQoL-brief score. The total score of Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire ranges from 13 to 65 and higher scores indicate better quality of life. The OPQoL-brief questionnaire also includes a preliminary single item on global quality of life. This single item is not scored with the OPQOL, it is coded as very good to very bad.

5. Assessment of the sense of coherence: The Sense of Coherence Scale - SOC-13

   Time frame: 12 weeks

   The short form of the Sense of Coherence Scale -SOC-13 scale consists of 13 items that comprise three components: comprehensibility (to which 5 items contribute), manageability (4 items), and meaningfulness (4 items). The respondents indicate agreement or disagreement on a 7-category semantic differential scale with two anchoring responses tailored to the content of each item. The total score of the Sense of Coherence Scale can range from 13 to 91, and a higher score indicates higher sense of coherence.

6. Assessment of Life satisfaction: Life Satisfaction Index for the Third Age - Short Form - LSITA-SF

   Time frame: 12 weeks

   The Life Satisfaction Index for the Thirds Age - Short form questionnaire contains 12 items with options on the 6-point Likert scale: Strongly Disagree (6), Disagree (5), Somewhat Disagree (4), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (2), and Strongly Agree (1). The total scores of the The Life Satisfaction Index for the Thirds Age - Short form questionnaire range from 12 to 72. Higher scores mean lower life satisfaction.

7. Assessment of self-esteem: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale - RSES

   Time frame: 12 weeks

   Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale - RSES is a 10-item Likert type scale, with items answered on a four-point scale: from Strongly Agree (SA) toStrongly Disagree (SD). The total scores of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale rank from 0 to 25 points. Score from 15 to 25 shows normal self-esteem and score of less than 15 shows low self-esteem. TheRosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, a widely used self-report instrument forevaluating individual self-esteem, was investigated using itemresponse theory.

8. Assessment of attitudes to ageing: Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire - AAQ

   Time frame: 12 weeks

   The 24 items of the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire scale are scored on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). It consists of three broaddimensions of ageing: 1. physical functioning (8 items including health,dynamics, vitality, exercising), 2. psychological growth (8 items, whichreflect explicit gains in relation to self and others; the positive focus ofageing, life orientation, connection with "wisdom" and "fruits of life",coping, acceptance, communication with young generation), 3.psychosocial losses (8 items, when old age is primarily described as anegative experience including losses, deficiency, exclusion, loss ofindependence, depression, and loneliness). Each factor has eight questions with domains returning minimum scores of 8 and maximum of 40. Higher score indicates better attitudes to ageing.

9. Assessment of social support: Social Support Questionnaire - Short Form (SSQ6)

   Time frame: 12 weeks

   This instrument has 6 items that measure perceived social support. Foreach of the 6 items, respondents indicate the number of peopleavailable to provide support in each of 6 areas and then rate theoverall level of satisfaction with the support given in each of the areas. The total scores of the Social support Questionnaire rank from 0 to 6 points. Higher score indicates more social support.