Preventing Early Child Marriage in Nepal

Each year, child marriage, before age 18 years, affects more than 10 million girls globally. The practice is associated with adverse maternal and child health outcomes and diminished long-term economic empowerment. About half of all child marriages occur in South Asia. A recent study in four high prevalence South Asian countries showed declines in girl-child marriage from 1991-1994 to 2005-2007, however, these declines were concentrated in the youngest ages. Namely, significant relative reductions occurred in the marriage of girls before age 14 years in all countries, however, little or no change was seen in the marriage of 16- to 17-year-old girls for any country except Bangladesh, where the prevalence of such marriages increased.

Tipping Point (TP) is an innovative program developed by Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, Inc. (CARE) to change community social norms and build capacity among adolescent girls to become agents of change in their communities, with the ultimate goal of reducing the risk of child marriage.

The quantitative evaluation of the TP package will involve a three arm Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (CRCT), where the arms are as follows:

• Arm 1: Full TP intervention including emphasized social norms change
• Arm 2: Light TP intervention without emphasized social norms change
• Arm 3: Pure control

The overall evaluation in Nepal will start with the baseline study, followed by eighteen months of interventions. After the intervention phase, there will be a one year 'freeze' period, when no interventions will take place. After that one year, the end-line evaluation study will be conducted in Nepal to assess the impact of the packages.

Inclusion criteria

for Clusters

• marginalized communities based on CARE Nepal formula
• communities prioritized by Nepal Government
• no concurrent non-governmental organization (NGO) programming
• no concurrent CARE programming

Inclusion criteria

for Boys and Girls (invited to participate in the intervention, survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions)

• unmarried
• age 12 -under 17
• living in study community
• no plans to migrate in subsequent 24 months

Inclusion criteria

for Mothers and Fathers of Selected Boys and Girls (invited to intervention and focus group discussions)

• male and female parental figures of an adolescent who has been recruited to participate in the intervention and associated measurement

Exclusion criteria

for Mothers and Fathers of Selected Boys and Girls:

• none

Inclusion criteria

for Community Adults:

• at least 25 years of age
• living in one of the study Communities
• no plans to migrate during the next two years

Exclusion criteria

for Community Adults:

• none