Prevalence Of Oral Mucosal Alterations In Diabetes Mellitus Type2

The study will be held in the Endocrine clinic at El Kasr Al-Ainy Cairo University Hospital for patients with diabetes mellitus type2. The data collected through the questionnaire will be obtained through an interview between the investigator and the patient.Clinical examination will be performed for the oral cavity.Blood sample will be withdrawn from each participant and collected in the clinical pathology lab in El kasr Al Ainy to measure the glycosylated hemoglobin concentration.The salivary gland function will be determined through a small questionnaire and clinical examination of the patient.

Selection bias: will be minimized by enrolling the participants in the study in a consecutive order of the entering the clinic.

Non-respondent bias: will be minimized by explaining to the participants the aim of the study and their importance and role in the study.

Incomplete records: will be excluded from statistical analysis with reporting the cause of not completing the record.

Sample size estimation:

Based on the previous papers by AL-Maweri,et al ,2013, the prevalence of oral mucosal alterations in diabetic patients 45.1%.Using a precision of 5, a design effect set at 1 with 95% CI (confidence interval), a total sample size of 381 will be sufficient. The sample size was calculated by Epi info.

Inclusion criteria

• Adult patients
• Patients >25years old
• Patients diagnosed with diabetes type 2.
• Egyptian patients.

Exclusion criteria

• females diagnosed with gestational diabetes.
• Patients not physically able to participate in survey or clinical oral examination.
• Patients with other systemic diseases which may cause oral manifestation as liver disorders.
• Patients under immunosuppressive drugs.
• Patients under corticosteriods.
• Patients with organ transplantation.