Prevalence of HPV-associated Eye Infection and Cytokine Levels in Tears From Patients Diagnosed With Pterygium

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of HPV infection in primary and recurrent pterygium and the association of HPV types collecting from conjunctiva swab and urine. The second purpose is to compare a quantity of cytokines including IL-6, IL-18 and growth factor including VEGF found in tears of patients with primary and recurrent pterygium to participants with free of ocular disease Primary hypothesis

• The prevalence of HPV infection in primary pterygium is difference with prevalence in recurrent pterygium patients.

Secondary hypothesis

• Ocular HPV infection has association with HPV genitalia infection.
• Tears cytokine and growth factor level (IL-6, IL-18 and VEGF) are higher in pterygium HPV infection than non-HPV infection and also more than normal population

Participants as primary and secondary pterygium group

Inclusion criteria

• Age above 18 years old
• presence of pterygium invading the cornea

Exclusion criteria

• Other ocular inflammation that could affect the results of the study (such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, conjunctival tumor, etc) or would preclude the enrollment for safety reasons

Participant without ocular disease Inclusion criteria

• Age above 18 years old Exclusion criteria
• Presence of any ocular inflammation diseases