Pretreatment to Reduce Pain and Discomfort During Fiberoptic Nasal Pharyngoscopy and Laryngoscopy

Patient undergoing Fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FOL) will be randomized into four groups by block randomization. Group one will receive atomized spray of normal saline as placebo before the procedure. Group two will receive two sprays of atomized oxymetazoline (approx 0.18 ml of 0.05% oxymetazoline) with a gap of 10 seconds in between the sprays. Group three will receive two sprays of 15% lidocaine with a gap of 10 seconds in between the sprays. Group four will receive two sprays of oxymetazoline and then two sprays of lidocaine at an interval of two minutes.

Sample size calculation: With alpha error of 0.05, power of .8, mean discomfort scale for placebo of 2.8 (literature review) and SD of 1.1, presuming that the treatment would be able to reduce discomfort by at least 25%, with two tailed test and same SD, minimum sample size would be 40 in each group.

To reduce bias, all the procedure will be performed by senior consultants. Patients and the person performing the procedure will be blinded.

Discomfort of pre-medication, discomfort of scope insertion, pain due to scope insertion, and ease of procedure will be scored as VAS score (1 to 10, 1 is least and 10 is most). Also, patient will be asked how likely s/he is to recommend the similar procedure to his/her friends and family members in case they need to undergo the same. Side effects of pre-medication and procedure will also be noted.

Outcome variables among the groups will be compared using ANOVA test if they are normally distributed.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients undergoing fiberoptic naso pharyngo laryngoscopy in OPD setting
• Consent to study
• above 18 years

Exclusion criteria

• gross nasal mass
• pregnants
• known hypersensitivity to the drugs used for premedication
• who cannot respond to questionnaire during data collection