Preoperative Residual Gastric Volume

The goal of this observational study is to assess whether bedside gastric ultrasound can identify differences in residual gastric volume, content type, and aspiration risk in adult diabetic and non-diabetic patients (ages 18-65) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

Do diabetic patients have higher residual gastric volume than non-diabetic patients despite similar fasting durations?

Does the type or amount of gastric content differ between the two groups, potentially increasing aspiration risk?

Researchers will compare diabetic and non-diabetic groups to see if diabetes is associated with delayed gastric emptying and increased aspiration risk.

Participants will:

Undergo bedside gastric ultrasound prior to anesthesia induction

Be scanned in semi-sitting and right lateral decubitus positions using a convex ultrasound probe

Have gastric antrum graded and volume calculated

Be evaluated for aspiration risk based on validated ultrasound criteria

Inclusion criteria

Male and female patients

• Aged 18 to 65 years,
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I -III
• Scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia.
• Patients with a known history of diabetes mellitus will be included in the diabetic group.

Exclusion criteria

Male and female patients

• Pregnant patients
• Patients with gastrointestinal obstructive diseases
• Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
• History of gastrointestinal surgery
• Emergency surgery cases
• Recent history of abdominal trauma
• Non-diabetic patients with autonomic or neurological disorders
• Patients with chronic kidney disease