Prenatal Cocaine, Nasal Oxytocin, and Maternal Psychophysiology

Participation for mothers when they are 3-6 months postpartum includes:

• Visit 1: Questionnaires and interviews about participants' health, pregnancy, moods, psychological history and drug use during pregnancy and postpartum.
• Visit 2: Pregnancy & drug tests (results are confidential), blood samples and vital signs, video-taped mother-infant interaction, speech task, instruction re: using nasal spray (oxytocin or placebo) & self-administration of first nasal spray dose, followed by 90 minutes of monitoring.
• At-home nasal spray: Twice daily (before breakfast and supper) nasal spray self-administration for 14 days.
• Visit 3: Pregnancy & drug tests (results are confidential), blood samples and vital signs, video-taped mother-infant interaction, speech task, interviews and questionnaires about mothers' experience with the nasal spray, and changes in mood or physical discomfort during the 2-weeks when taking the nasal spray.
• 3 telephone interviews while subjects are taking nasal spray, and 1 post-trail telephone follow-up.

Inclusion criteria

• 3-6 months postpartum at start of testing
• Cocaine use during current pregnancy (by self-report or medical record of prenatal urine toxicology)
• Exclusive Formula-feeding for all infant milk feedings (no infant feeds will be breast milk)
• Healthy singleton pregnancy
• English fluency that will allow informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant during participation in the study
• Not using effective birth control methods to prevent pregnancy
• Breastfeeding for any infant milk feedings
• Mother is not currently living with the infant during the trial period
• Multiple birth (twin, triplet or greater)