Predictive Role of Microbiome in Patients With Urothelial Carcinoma

The purpose of this research is to understand the possible use of microbial profile from catheterized urine and feces of patients with NMIBC to categorize patients in two groups: those likely to respond positively and those unlikely to respond to the therapy. Goal of this study is to identify the predictive role of the microbiome to therapy response, thus allowing clinicians to deliver the most appropriate treatment based on the microbiome (microbiome-personalized therapy).

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged ≥ 18 years, all able to signed informed consent form;
• Diagnosis of NMIBC provided by an experience pathology, by using tissue specimens that were staged according to the TNM classification and morphoarchitectural criteria according to the WHO classification.

Exclusion criteria

• Participants with ongoing urinary tract infection;
• Antibiotic treatment within the last month;
• Immuno-/chemo- therapy within the past 3 months;
• Chronic immunosuppressive therapy;
• Additional major diagnosis known to affect the gut or bladder microbiota;
• Use of probiotics;
• Uncontrolled diabetes;
• Participants with other malignancy or previous history of oncological or autoimmune diseases.