Postprandial Glycemic and Physiological Responses to Walking With a Wearable Hip Exoskeleton in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

This study investigated whether walking with a wearable hip exoskeleton could modulate postprandial glycemic and physiological responses in patients with type 2 diabetes. Using a randomized crossover design, each participant completed four experimental conditions in a controlled laboratory setting: seated control, walking without the wearable hip exoskeleton, walking with the Bot-Fit device in Aqua mode, and walking with the Bot-Fit device in Boost mode.

Postprandial glucose responses were assessed after meal ingestion during each experimental trial. Physiological responses, including heart rate and perceived exertion, were also evaluated to compare the metabolic and perceptual demands of walking with and without the wearable hip exoskeleton. The study was designed as a proof-of-concept trial to examine whether wearable hip exoskeleton-assisted walking may influence postprandial glucose regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Participants who were able to complete walking trials with and without the wearable hip exoskeleton.
• Participants who provided written informed consent before participation.

Exclusion criteria

• Participants with unstable cardiovascular, neurological, or musculoskeletal conditions that could affect walking ability or safe participation.
• Participants with conditions that could interfere with postprandial glucose assessment.
• Participants who were unable to safely use the wearable hip exoskeleton.
• Participants who were unable to comply with the study procedures.