Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Spontaneous Abortion

A questionnaire-based study will be conducted with prospective inclusion of participants, based on the analysis of medical documentation and self-administered questionnaires. The following questionnaires are proposed for use:

i. Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) is a 22-item test that measures the level of stress and anxiety resulting from traumatic events. It is utilized as a screening tool in diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The test consists of 22 questions that relate to the respondent's feelings, behaviors, and thoughts concerning the traumatic event over the past seven days. For each question, respondents will indicate one of five responses that best reflects their experience: 0 - Not at all

• - A little
• - Moderately
• - Often
• - Very often

Upon completion of all questions and totaling the points, the scale for symptoms is classified as follows:

0-23 points: No or mild symptoms 24-32 points: A significant number of symptoms 33 points or more: Most symptoms characteristic of PTSD. The questionnaire will be completed during hospitalization.

ii. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Specific (PCL-S) is a 17-item test designed to detect symptoms of PTSD resulting from a specific traumatic event. This test includes 17 questions related to the behaviors and feelings of the respondent over the past month. Each question is answered using a 5-point scale with assigned points: Not at all - 1 point Sometimes - 2 points Moderately often - 3 points Often - 4 points Very often - 5 points

After totaling the points, they are classified as follows:

17-29 points: No or few PTSD symptoms 30-44 points: Moderate to moderately high PTSD symptoms 45-85 points: Numerous PTSD symptoms. The questionnaire will be completed during a routine follow-up visit at the outpatient clinic eight weeks post-discharge from the hospital.

iii. Trauma Recovery Measure (TRM) is a 15-item tool designed to assess trauma and the recovery process. It enables a structured evaluation of the multifaceted impact of trauma on an individual, facilitating the adjustment of support and intervention strategies.

The TRM provides a total score as well as three subscale scores that assess the cognitive aspects of the individual following the experience of traumatic events. The three subscales within the TRM include:

• Validation: This subscale measures the acceptance and self-acceptance of the trauma survivor as they are, despite the traumatic experience, and evaluates the development of internal worth and dignity.
• Liberation: This subscale assesses the survivor's ability to free themselves from control, entrapment, and/or oppression caused by the trauma, and their capacity to live in a way that allows them to feel empowered and confident in making positive decisions for themselves and others.
• Positive Self: This subscale measures the presence of positive cognitive aspects that generate feelings of care, compassion, and/or kindness.

The stage of recovery is presented based on the distance of the score from the mean. There are three possible stages of recovery:

• Early Stage of Recovery: Less than 1 standard deviation below the mean (total score of 31 or fewer).
• Middle Stage of Recovery: Total score ranging from 32 to 61.
• Late Stage of Recovery: More than 1 standard deviation above the mean (total score of 62 or more).

The questionnaire will be completed during a routine follow-up visit at the outpatient clinic eight weeks post-discharge from the hospital.

Inclusion criteria

• spontaneous abortion
• gestational age up to 14 weeks.

Exclusion criteria

• none