Post Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Syndrome Indonesian Population

Target Population:

As explained in the study population section

Recruitment

• Snowball technique from the COVID 19 survivor groups
• Online questionnaire is provided to obtain the data

Data Source:

• Medical Resume
• Laboratory Information possessed by individuals
• Telemedicine observation possessed by individuals

Predictors:

• Demographic factors (age at diagnosis and current age at data collection, sex at birth, occupation, education, province of domicile, and possession of health insurance during COVID 19 infection)
• General health status (Body Mass Index, presence of chronic disease and comorbidities, smoking, alcohol drinking, moderate physical activity)
• History of COVID 19 vaccination (date, type of vaccine, booster dose, side effect, and medication following the vaccination)
• COVID 19 episode (date of diagnosis, method of diagnosis confirmation, history of suspected SARS COV2 reinfection, Cycle-Threshold (CT) value, the symptoms and duration of the symptoms, medication, oxygen supplementation, hospitalization, or receiving plasma convalescent therapy)

List of persistent COVID 19 symptoms in this study (and not limited to)

• Neurological and Psychiatric symptoms

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Sleep disturbances
• PTSD
• Cognitive impairment
• Ear Nose Throat symptoms

• Persistent anosmia
• Persistent ageusia
• Tinnitus and other hearing disorders
• Respiratory Symptoms

• Chronic cough
• Shortness of breath
• Cardiovascular symptoms

• Peripheral artery disease
• New onset of arrhythmia
• Carditis (either pericarditis or myocarditis)
• Hematological symptoms

• Thromboembolic event
• Renal Disorder

• Reduced filtration function
• Musculoskeletal disorder

• Chronic fatigue
• Joint pain
• Muscular pain
• Dermatology disorder

• Rash
• Hair loss
• Gastrointestinal disorder

• Chronic Diarrhea
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Study Size

• The one-sample proportion formula
• Type I error value as 5%.
• The prevalence of COVID 19 in Indonesia is 1%
• Absolute value of margin of error set as 0.5%
• the total sample needed is 1152 participants.

Proposed Statistical Analysis

• Data cleaning was conducted
• No imputation to missing data
• Descriptive statistics and normality tests
• Logistic regression to analyze the associated factors of each outcome followed by estimating the adjusted odds ratio.
• The time-to-event analysis for post COVID symptoms was conducted in a certain subgroup of the variables using the cox regression model.
• Neural Network model and deployment into a web-based application

Inclusion criteria

• Age above 18 years old
• Diagnosed as Coronavirus Disease 2019 by RT- PCR, or Rapid Antigen

Exclusion criteria

• Unable to retrieve information regarding the persistent symptoms
• Died within six months after declared as cured