Positive Minds Strong Bodies Implementation

>/= 70% of participants attending >/= 50% of their intervention sessions, reporting satisfaction with treatment. This outcome was measured among intervention participants only (Positive Minds Strong Bodies Enhanced) using four indicator variables for attending 5+ (out of 10) PM intervention sessions, 18+ (out of 36) SB intervention sessions, being very satisfied with the care received by intervention provider, and being very satisfied with the program.

The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) assessed past 2-week self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. The HSCL-25 includes 25 items, each rated from 1 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). Total raw scores are calculated by averaging all items (range 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms). Model-estimated marginal means for each treatment group at each follow-up timepoint were obtained using linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures of HSCL-25 scores across follow-up assessments, adjusting for baseline HSCL-25 scores.

The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) objectively assessed physical functioning through balance, gait, and chair-rise timed tests. A summary performance score is calculated by summing categorical rankings on the three tests (range 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating better performance). Model-estimated marginal means for each treatment group at each follow-up timepoint were obtained using linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures of SPPB scores across follow-up assessments, adjusting for baseline SPPB scores.

The Function Component of the Late-Life Functioning and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) assessed self-reported physical functioning, with 32 items assessing difficulty (1 'cannot do' to 5 'none') to perform discrete actions or activities without the help of someone else or using assistive devices. Total scores are calculated by summing all items (range 32 to 160, with higher scores indicating fewer difficulties). Model-estimated marginal means for each treatment group at each follow-up timepoint were obtained using linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures of LLFDI scores across follow-up assessments, adjusting for baseline LLFDI scores.

The 12-item version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) assessed past 30-day self-reported disability to capture difficulty performing activities in six domains of life (1 'none' to 5 'extreme or cannot do'). Total scores are calculated by summing all items (range 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater disability). Model-estimated marginal means for each treatment group at each follow-up timepoint were obtained using linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures of WHODAS 2.0 scores across follow-up assessments, adjusting for baseline WHODAS 2.0 scores.