Plyometric Training With or Without Hamstring Strengthening for Preventing ACL Injuries in Female Amateur Athletes

This study examined whether combining hamstring strengthening with plyometric training provides greater benefits in preventing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than plyometric training alone among female amateur athletes. Conducted as a randomized controlled trial, the research involved 60 participants aged 18 to 30, randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group A underwent a six-week intervention involving both plyometric and hamstring strengthening exercises, while Group B participated in plyometric training only. Each group trained twice weekly, and the outcomes were measured at baseline, Week 3, and Week 6 using a handheld dynamometer for knee strength (flexion and extension), the Star Excursion Balance Test (SET) for dynamic balance, and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for functional mobility.

Inclusion criteria

• Female amateur athletes between the ages of 18-30 years old.
• Participating in sports that involve jumping, cutting and pivoting movements (e.g. basketball, soccer).
• On average, athletes exercised between six and eight times per week including competition.
• Able to perform basic jumping and landing mechanics safely.

Exclusion criteria

• Recreational athlete or untrained individual
• Athletes with less than five training sessions per week.
• Athletes who were operated with techniques other than the bone patellar-tendon, bone graft (BPTB), or who were operated by different surgeons and rehabilitated by several physical therapist.
• Athletes with a history of muscle or joint injuries.
• Athletes who had already followed a pre-operative rehabilitation program.