Pivotal Study for the FLAIR Endovascular Stent Graft

A total of 227 patients were treated at 16 U.S. investigational sites to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the FLAIR™ Endovascular Stent Graft. This study compared the FLAIR™ Endovascular Stent Graft to balloon angioplasty in patients with stenoses at the venous anastomosis of a synthetic AV access graft.

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female patients between 18 to 90 years of age whose hemodialysis access was a synthetic AV access graft located in an arm.
• Angiographic evidence of one or more stenoses, 7 cm or less in length and greater than or equal to 50%, at the graft-vein anastomosis of a synthetic AV access graft. The entire lesion must have been located within 7 cm of the anastomosis such that approximately 1 cm of the IMPRA/Bard Device must have extended into non-diseased vein and approximately 1 cm, but no more than 2 cm, of the IMPRA/Bard Device will be extended into non-diseased AV graft.
• Clinical evidence of a hemodynamically significant stenosis.
• Percutaneous endovascular therapy for the identified lesion was the best treatment choice in the opinion of the investigator.
• Patients must have been able to understand and provide informed consent.
• Patients whose synthetic AV access grafts had been implanted greater than 30 days and had undergone 1 or more successful hemodialysis sessions.
• During primary balloon angioplasty, full expansion of an appropriately sized angioplasty balloon, in the operator's judgment, must have been achieved.

Exclusion criteria

• Concomitant disease (e.g., terminal cancer) or other medical condition that was likely to result in death of the patient within 6 months of the time of implantation.
• Stenoses that had a corresponding thrombosis treated within 7 days.
• The presence of a second lesion in the access circuit less than or equal to 3 cm from the edges of the primary lesion that was treated within 30 days or that was greater than or equal to 30%. Access circuit was defined as the area from the AV access graft arterial anastomosis to the superior vena cava-right atrial junction.
• The presence of a second lesion in the access circuit greater than 3 cm from the edges of the primary lesion that was greater than or equal to 30%. Second lesions that were greater than or equal to 30% must have been treated prior to patient inclusion to reduce the percent stenosis to less than 30%.
• Patients who were unwilling or unable to return for follow-up visits or patients with whom follow-up visits may have been unreliable.
• Patients who had a stent placed at the target lesion site.
• Patients with a blood coagulative disorder or sepsis.
• Patients in which the IMPRA/Bard Device would have been required to cross an angle (between the inflow vein and synthetic AV access graft) that was greater than 90 degrees.
• Patients in which the IMPRA/Bard Device would have been required to be deployed fully across the elbow joint, which is identified radiographically by a combination of the humeroulnar joint and the humeroradial joint.
• Patients with a contraindication to the use of contrast media.
• Patients whose AV access graft was infected.
• Patients who were currently or were scheduled to enroll in other investigations that conflicted with follow-up testing or confounds data in this trial.
• Procedural use of another investigational device.
• Patients who were pregnant.