Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine for Individuals With Parkinson Disease in a Rural Population

Study participants are recruited from the Presbyterian Home and from the Central New York Parkinson Support Group. Anyone interested will attend a screening and baseline visit at the Presbyterian Home, where they will receive baseline surveys and a motor assessment. Eligible participants will be randomized to receive either telemedicine or standard of care.

Each telemedicine visit (Month 1, Month 3, Month 6) will take place in a 1:1 fashion between the study participant and the physician investigator - one of two movement disorder specialists from the University of Rochester - via televideo linkage, and will last approximately 30-60 minutes. The study participant will be observed by the physician investigator and she/he will be accompanied by a Presbyterian Home staff member to ensure safety throughout the telemedicine visit. The visit will be structured much the same as a standard clinical visit and will include:

• Study participant's update on his or her clinical condition
• Review of current medications, which will be provided in advance of the visit
• Review and update of medical and social histories
• Vital signs, including weight (provided by the Presbyterian Home staff)
• Pertinent neurological exam, including a modified motor examination led by physician investigator
• Assessment of current clinical state
• Dictated recommendations including a letter to the attending physician for ongoing clinical care, including changes to the PD medications

Participants assigned to the control group will receive their care as routinely scheduled with their own primary care physician and/or neurologist.

Staff members from the University of Rochester will return to the Presbyterian Home within one month of the six month study to complete final assessments with all study participants. These will include:

• Reportable events form
• Health care events form
• Quality of life and healthcare evaluation surveys
• Continuation of care survey
• 1:1 interviews
• Telemedicine focus groups

Inclusion criteria

• Willing and able to provide informed consent
• Age 30 years old or older
• Clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease as determined by having two of the four cardinal features of PD (rest tremor, bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, and gait instability) and no better alternative explanation for the etiology of the symptoms
• Able to converse in English
• Willing and able to complete study requirements

Exclusion criteria

• Any neurological, medical, or psychiatric condition that would preclude the patient having the ability to provide informed consent or to participate in the telemedicine visit.