Pilot Factorial Trial in Malaysia

Inclusion criteria

for participating parents or caregivers:

• Responsible for the child aged 4-6 years who is registered with KEMAS preschool
• Aged 18 years or more
• Lives in the same household with the child for at least four nights a month
• Have access to a mobile phone compatible with WhatsApp
• Gives consent to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

for participating parents or caregivers:

• Adult parents/caregivers with a severely limited mental capacity (either due to learning disability or acute mental health disorder), which will be assessed by research assistants by way of a four-item checklist.

Inclusion criteria

for child respondents:

• Is enrolled in a KEMAS preschool
• Is between the ages of 4 and 6
• Parent gives consent for the child to participate in the study
• Child gives verbal assent to participate in the study

Inclusion criteria

for teachers:

• Registered employee with KEMAS preschool
• 18 years old and above
• Diploma/certificate in Early Childhood Education (ECE) or equivalent
• Give consent to participate in the study
• Participated in training of intervention package
• Available to deliver intervention package

Inclusion criteria

for supervisors:

• Registered supervisor with KEMAS
• 18 years old and above
• Have a diploma/certificate in Early Childhood Education (ECE) or equivalent
• Agree to participate in the study
• Participated in the training of the programme:
• Facilitator Training workshop: for new facilitators to deliver the programme
• Training of Trainers workshop: supervisors (who completed the facilitator training working) were trained to deliver future training to new facilitators.

Inclusion criteria

for KEMAS leadership:

• Federal or state administrative staff of the Division of Early Childhood Education within KEMAS
• 18 years old and above
• Agree to participate in the study