Pictorial Warning Labels & Memory for Relative & Absolute Cigarette Health-risk Information Over Time in Adult Smokers

Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers for each label (e.g., ____% of smokers die before age 85). For each question, there were four decoy responses.

Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers for each label (e.g., ____% of smokers die before age 85). For each question, there were four decoy responses.

Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers vs. nonsmokers for each health risk (e.g., a smoker is ____ as likely to die from heart disease as a nonsmoker). For each question, there were three decoy responses (e.g., for heart disease, response options were: "about as likely," "1.75 times," "4.1 times," "10.4 times").

Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers vs. nonsmokers for each health risk (e.g., a smoker is ____ as likely to die from heart disease as a nonsmoker). For each question, there were three decoy responses (e.g., for heart disease, response options were: "about as likely," "1.75 times," "4.1 times," "10.4 times").

Participants completed several scale items about how much risk they perceived smoking posed to them (e.g., "If a person smokes at your age, how likely are they to get a life-threatening illness from smoking someday ?" [1=very unlikely; 5=extremely likely])

Participants completed several scale items about how much risk they perceived smoking posed to them (e.g., "If a person smokes at your age, how likely are they to get a life-threatening illness from smoking someday ?" [1=very unlikely; 5=extremely likely])

Participants intentions to quit smoking; self-reported likelihood of smoking "within the next 30 days" (-3 = very unlikely, 3 = very likely)

Participants intentions to quit smoking; self-reported likelihood of smoking "within the next 30 days" (-3 = very unlikely, 3 = very likely)

Participants intentions to quit smoking; self-reported likelihood of smoking "within next year" (-3 = very unlikely, 3 = very likely)

Participants intentions to quit smoking; self-reported likelihood of smoking "within next year" (-3 = very unlikely, 3 = very likely)

Participants were given a list of 9 warnings and asked to select which ones they'd been previously exposed to

Participants were given a list of 9 warnings and asked to select which ones they'd been previously exposed to

Participants completed several scale items about their feelings towards smoking (e.g., "How good or bad do you feel about smoking?" -2=very bad; +2=very good; "How much do you feel confused about the harms vs. benefits of smoking?" 0=not at all confused; 4=very confused)

Participants completed several scale items about their feelings towards smoking (e.g., "How good or bad do you feel about smoking?" -2=very bad; +2=very good; "How much do you feel confused about the harms vs. benefits of smoking?" 0=not at all confused; 4=very confused)