Physiological Effects of Nutritional Support in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

The first arm of this study received intravenous and oral NAC, which is a strong antioxidant that increases brain glutathione, which may be beneficial in PD. NAC, is the N-acetyl derivative of the naturally occurring amino acid, L-cysteine. NAC is a common over-the-counter supplement and also is available as an injectable pharmaceutical that protects the liver in cases of acetaminophen overdose. Laboratory studies have displayed some benefits to use of NAC, such as its potential to counteract intracellular damage that leads to dopaminergic neuron death. It also has the potential to reduce markers of oxidative damage, protect against dopamine cell death from MPTP toxicity, and to increase glutathione in blood, which might be useful in preventing oxidative damage in PD patients.

The second arm was a waitlist control group who received no intervention. The control group continued to receive clinical standard of care treatment for PD care provided by their neurologist.

A third arm of the study was an oral supplement group who received Oral Supplements Cohort Baicalin, Ganoderma, Omega 3 and Curcumin.This oral supplement group continued to receive clinical standard of care treatment for PD provided by their neurologist.

The protocol was amended to include only the NAC arm and the standard of care waitlist control groups.

Inclusion criteria

• Clinical Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
• Subject is between 30 - 80 years of age
• Subject has a Hoehn and Yahr score of I - II inclusive
• Subject is on stable or on antiparkinsonian medication for at least a month
• Women of Childbearing potential will confirm a negative pregnancy test

Exclusion criteria

• Subject is allergic to iodine, cobalt, or any of the supplements that will be given in the study
• Subject has had previous brain surgery
• Subject has a score of 25 or less on Mini-Mental Status examination
• Subject is wheelchair-bound or bed-ridden; non ambulatory
• Subject has intracranial abnormalities that may complicate interpretation of the brain scans(e.g., stroke, tumor, vascular abnormality affecting the target area)
• Subject has a history of head trauma with loss of consciousness greater than 48 hours
• Subject has any medical disorder or physical condition that could reasonably be expected to interfere with the assessment of parkinsonian syndrome symptoms, or with any of the study assessments including the SPECT imaging.
• Subject has evidence of a significant psychiatric disorder by history/examination that would prevent completion of the study
• Subject has a current alcohol or drug abuse
• Subject is pregnant or lactating
• Subject is enrolled in active clinical (drug or device) trial within the prior 30 days
• Subject is pending surgery during the course of the study
• History of very low blood pressure
• History of thrombocytopenia or clotting disorders
• Cancer patients receiving active chemotherapy
• History of active gallstone problems or a bile duct obstruction
• History of uncontrolled diabetes, asthma, gastroesophageal reflex disease, or thyroid
• History of severe kidney disease (if the patient reports this problem, a serum creatinine will be checked to assess GFR; if it is less than 30, the patient will be excluded)
• History of Leber's disease, a hereditary eye disease
• History of uncontrolled hypercalcemia
• History of active sarcoidosis, histoplasmosis, or lymphoma
• Patients taking medication that might interact with the supplements involved in this study will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by PI study physician