Physical Rehabilitation of Older Persons Following a Community-Acquired Infection Hospitalization - A Randomised-Controlled Trial

Report of the total number of re-hospitalized patients, defined as a hospital stay >12 hours.

Report of the total number of re-hospitalized patients, defined as a hospital stay >12 hours.

Report of the total number.

Measure handgrip muscle strength in kilos in the dominant hand using a hand-held dynamometer. The highest number out of three attempts will be recorded.

Assessment of muscle strength and power of the knee extensor muscles with dynamometry.

A clinical test where the patient performs as many sit-to-stand actions as possible in 30 seconds. Measures leg muscle strength by counting the number of repetitions.

A clinical test where the patient performs as many sit-to-stand actions as possible in 1 minute. Measures endurance by counting the number of repetitions.

Measure the distance in meters a person can walk in 6 minutes.

An objective measurement instrument combining 3 tests in 1 score. The tests consist of a balance test (measured in seconds), lower extremity strength (measured in seconds), and a walking test measuring functional capacity (measured in seconds).

Measure of a persons ability to perform activities of daily living. Scores from 0 to 100. The higher the better.

A global clinical measure of the overall frailty of an older person. Scores from 1 to 9. The lower the better.

Measure health-related quality of life divided into the EQ-5D utility index and EQ-VAS score. The Danish EQ-5D-5L utility scores range from -0.757 for state 55555 to 1.0 for state 11111; the higher the score, the better. The EQ VAS is on a 0-100 scale; the higher the score, the better.

Measure health-related quality of life. Total score from 0 to 100; the higher the score, the better.

A patient self-administered questionnaire. An 8-item questionnaire designed to assess the impact of disease on a person's life (health status). Range of CAT scores from 0-40. Higher scores implicates a more severe impact of COPD on a patient's life (total score point).

Measure of mild cognitive impairment. MoCa scores range from 0 to 30. Scores of 26 or over are considered to be normal.

A self-report rating scale that is designed to measure current symptoms of depression. Lower score is better.

Measure of the impact on the quality of life of an adult family member or partner resulting from having a person (of any age) in a family with any disease or condition, across all of medicine.

The objectivly measured physical activity level assessed with activity trackers.

Concentration of p-phosphate (mmol/l), p-sodium (mmol/l), p-carbamide (mmol/l), and p-potassium (mmol/l).

Concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, Il-1ra, IL-18, IL-10, TNF-alpha, etc.)

Concentration of lipids

Concentration of galectin-3 (ng/ml), sST2 (ng/ml), and troponins (ng/ml).

Concentration of NT-proBNP (ng/l).

Complete blood count with differential count. Concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA), and concentration of subclasses of IgG: IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.

Concentration of HbA1c.

Concentration of c-peptide (pmol/L).

Concentration p-glucose (mmol/L).

Concentration of p-insulin (pmol/L).

Whole blood, plasma, and serum.

The Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) will be used to measure severity of insulin resistance. Normal reference levels for HOMA-IR is 0.7 to 2.0, with values >2.0 representing clinically significant insulin resistance.

Glucose outcomes from the CGM sensor (Dexcom G6) including time in range (TIR) for blood glucose, time above range (TAR) for blood glucose, time below range (TBR) for blood glucose, average blood glucose, and variance in blood glucose (CV).

P-glucose (mmol/L) measured during an OGTT.

P-insulin (pmol/L) measured during an OGTT.

C-peptide (pmol/L) measured during an OGTT.

Insulin sensitivity using Matsuda index. The index is calculated based on p-glucose and p-insulin in fasting state and during an OGTT.

Changes in glucose-lowering medication in patients with diabetes

Semi-structured qualitative interviews with the patient and a relative. The following themes will be explored: perception of the content in the exercise intervention, barriers and enablers towards physical activity, ideas for improvement of the exercise intervention

Numbers of severe adverse events and adverse events

DXA-scan

Midt-thigh CT-scan

Bioelectrical impedance analysis

Muscle biopsies from the m. vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle

Muscle biopsies from the m. vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle

Muscle biopsies from the m. vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle

Skeletal muscle cell cultures of muscle tissue from m. vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle.

Adipose tissue biopsy

Adipose tissue biopsy

Adipose tissue biopsy

Changes in pulmonary medication (tablets and inhalation)

Spirometry in patients with COPD

Body plethysmography in patients with COPD

Single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in patients with COPD

Notification of acute exacerbations of COPD through patient files

Health costs, the cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the lifetime estimated cost per QALY gained will be calculated.