Physical Impairments in Elderly Individuals

Dyspnea score will be obtained from the Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) Scale. This scale is a five-item scale based on various physical activities that cause a feeling of shortness of breath (dyspnea). As the score an individual gets from the scale increases, the perception of shortness of breath also increases.

Posture deviation will be determined according to the deviation score in the joint centers obtained by photographing the posture of the individuals and uploading them to the system. Posture assessment will be made with a mobile application based on the concept of postural analysis with artificial intelligence.

Cough strength will be evaluated using a PEFmeter.

Hand grip strength will be measured using the Jamar hand dynamometer.

Functional mobility will be evaluated with Chair Stand Test. Higher repetition numbers indicate better physical performance.

Physical activity will be assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Participation in leisure activities, housework activities, and work-related activities are recorded. Higher score indicates better physical activity levels.

Functional mobility and balance will be evaluated with Time Up and Go test. The test measures speed during many functional maneuvers such as standing, walking, turning and sitting.

Balance will be assessed using Berg Balance Scale. The scale consists of 14 items. These items examine activities in which the support area gradually decreases and it becomes difficult to maintain the position.

Cognitive function will be assessed using the Standardized Mini Mental State Test. The maximum score is 30 points. Scores of 23 and lower indicate cognitive dysfunction, scores of 24 and above indicate normal cognitive level.