Physical Activity Variety's Impact on Physical Activity Participation

An electronic device worn on the right hip to identify motion.

An electronic device worn on the right hip to identify steps taken.

An electronic device worn on the right hip to identify energy expenditure.

An electronic device worn on the right hip to identify time spent in different intensities of activity.

Allows for tracking all bouts of MVPA that are at least 10 minutes in duration over the previous week. Physical activity is reported as minutes spent in moderate, hard, and very hard activities.

Questionnaire: The BREQ-2 will assess participants' motivation regarding physical activity including amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, intrinsic regulation, and intrinsic motivation towards physical activity. The BREQ-2 is 19 items that includes a five-point Likert scale ranging from 0-4 with zero indicating "is not true" and four "very true." The BREQ-2 is a validated and commonly used measure examining SDT constructs.

Questionnaire: The MPAM-R will be administered to assess participants' motives for physical activity. The five areas of motivation that are assessed include the following: Interest/enjoyment, competence, appearance, fitness, and social. Participants indicate how true an item is regarding why they engage in physical activity. Examples of the 30 items include, "It is fun," "I want to maintain physical strength for a healthy life," and "I like to be with others interested in this activity." The MPAM-R includes a Likert scale ranging from 1-7, with one indicating "not at all true" and a seven "very true." This measure has been validated for measuring motives for physical activity.

Questionnaire: The PNSE will assess participants' satisfaction of their psychological needs, competence, autonomy, and relatedness. This measure is 18-items with six items examining each psychological need. An example of one item included for perceived competence is, "I feel that I am able to complete exercises that are personally challenging." An example of one item for perceived autonomy is, "I feel free to exercise in my own way." Lastly, one example of an item included for perceived relatedness is, "I feel attached to my exercise companions because they accept me for who I am." The items are scored using a Likert scale ranging from 1-6 with a one indicating "false" and a six representing "true." Higher values signify greater satisfaction of psychological needs. The PNSE has high reliability and is a commonly used measure for basic psychological needs.

Questionnaire: The PACES will assess participants' physical activity enjoyment. The PACES is an 18-item measure instructing participants to, "Measure how they feel about physical activity at this moment in time...." Participants rate each item using a Likert scale ranging from 1-7 with one and seven reflecting opposite ends of the spectrum. For example, the two anchors for the first item are, "I enjoy it" and "I hate it." In this example, a one aligns with "I enjoy it" and a seven aligns with "I hate it." Eleven of the items are reverse scored. Higher scores indicate higher levels of physical activity enjoyment. This measure has been found to be reliable and valid.

Questionnaire: The BOSS is a newly developed scale to assess boredom in physical activity. The BOSS is 11 items and includes a five-point Likert scale ranging from 0-4, with one representing "strongly disagree" and four representing "strongly agree." An example of an item is, "Exercising is dull and monotonous." Participants respond to prompts regarding their boredom in a specific bout of physical activity. This measure has been found to be reliable.

Questionnaire: The EFI will assess exercise feeling. The 12-item questionnaire instructs participants to, "Indicate how each word describes how they feel at this moment in time...." Participants rate how they feel on a Likert scale of 0-4 with a zero indicating an item is "not felt;" whereas, a four indicates an item is "felt very strongly." Examples of the items are "refreshed," "worn out," and "energetic." The EFI is scored by summing the four subscales, which include revitalization, physical exhaustion, positive engagement, and tranquility. The four subscales each consist of three items. The EFI has demonstrated good internal consistency and reliability.

Questionnaire: The FS will assess affective valence experienced during physical activity. The FS is a two-item questionnaire that measures how participants are feeling and how much they are enjoying or enjoyed exercise. Participants rate their current feeling before, during, and after physical activity as part of the FS-current using a scale of -5 to +5, with a higher score indicating higher levels of positive affect. They rate their enjoyment as part of the FS-enjoyment on a scale of 1-7, with higher scores reflecting higher enjoyment. The FS is reliable for assessing in-exercise affect.

Questionnaire: The PVE questionnaire will assess perceived variety of physical activity. Participants are asked to, "Please answer the following questions by considering how you typically feel while you are exercising." The questionnaire includes five items such as, "I feel like my exercise program is varied" and includes a 1-6 Likert scale with one indicating an item to be false and six indicating an item to be true. The PVE has been found to be valid and reliable.