Physical Activity and Work Ability in University Staff

Leisure-time physical activity refers to any physical activity performed during free time, not related to work or mandatory responsibilities. This includes activities such as walking, jogging, cycling, sports, or any form of exercise done for enjoyment, health, or fitness outside of regular occupational or household duties. LTPA is measured through Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (World Health Organization, 2001) that assess the frequency, duration, and intensity of activities performed during leisure time. It is an important determinant of overall health and well-being, with potential impacts on physical fitness, mental health, and work ability.

Occupational physical activity refers to the physical activity performed as part of an individual's job or work-related tasks. This includes movements such as walking, lifting, carrying, standing, or any other physical effort required by the nature of the work. OPA varies depending on the type of occupation, ranging from sedentary jobs with minimal physical exertion to physically demanding jobs that involve heavy lifting or manual labor. OPA is going to be assessed through Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (World Health Organization, 2001). It is an important factor influencing overall physical health, musculoskeletal health, and work ability. Understanding OPA can help identify how job-related physical activity influences worker well-being and performance.

Work ability refers to an individual's capacity to perform their job tasks effectively, considering their physical and mental health, skills, and work demands. It reflects how well a person's health and functional capacity match the requirements of their work. Work ability is influenced by various factors, including physical fitness, mental well-being, work environment, and personal characteristics such as age and job experience. In this study, work ability will be measured using the Work Ability Index (WAI), a validated questionnaire developed by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. The WAI assesses work ability through a series of questions related to perceived health, job demands, and the impact of health on work performance.

This variable refers to the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and injuries related to work activities and daily life. MSDs are conditions that affect the muscles, bones, joints, tendons, and ligaments, often leading to pain and disability. These disorders can be caused or aggravated by repetitive movements, poor ergonomics, or physical strain in both occupational and non-occupational contexts. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) will be used to assess the prevalence of these disorders, as well as injuries related to work and daily activities. The NMQ is a widely used tool for identifying and evaluating musculoskeletal symptoms in different body regions. In this study, the questionnaire will be adapted to the Spanish population, following the methodology proposed by Gómez-Rodríguez et al. (2020).

Physical and mental workload refers to the level of physical and cognitive effort required to perform a task or job. Physical workload includes factors such as physical exertion, body movements, and posture, while mental workload relates to cognitive demands, stress, and mental concentration required by the job. Both components contribute to the overall strain experienced by workers and can affect job performance, health, and well-being. The NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) will be used to assess the physical and mental workload in this study. The NASA-TLX is a validated method developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to evaluate workload across multiple dimensions, including mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration. This tool helps to quantify the subjective workload experienced by participants in various work scenarios.

Health-related quality of life refers to an individual's overall well-being in relation to their health, encompassing both physical and mental health components. It evaluates how health conditions, including physical ailments and mental health issues, affect daily functioning, social interactions, and overall life satisfaction. In this study, HRQoL will be measured using the SF-12 Health Survey, a short form of the widely used SF-36 questionnaire. The SF-12 assesses 12 questions related to physical and mental health, covering areas such as physical functioning, role limitations due to physical or emotional problems, social functioning, and general health perceptions. This tool has been validated in various populations, including Spanish-speaking communities (Alonso, 1996).

Age, sex, gender, BMI, place of residence, specific occupation, educational level, working hours, type of work shift, anthropometric characteristics, and, for women, whether they have entered menopause and since when. Optionally, marital status, annual income, and household tasks will be collected.