Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Modeling of Betamethasone Therapy in Threatened Preterm Birth

After consent, a maternal sample of whole blood will be obtained for DNA isolation. Investigators will collect plasma samples at 4 time points on all participants. These will be done at baseline (pre-dose), and 0.5-2 hours, 4-6 hours, and 22-24 hours after the first dose of BMZ is administered. Investigators will obtain serum for estriol measurement on all participants before or within 2 hours of antenatal corticosteroid administration and about 24 hours after each dose is given (betamethasone is administered as 2 doses 24 hours apart). Investigators will obtain a saliva sample for measurement of estriol at the same times. Participants will be offered optional participation in a more detailed PK portion of the study. Participants who consent to this part of the study will have additional plasma samples obtained at a schedule of sampling of approximately 10-15 hours after the first dose and then 6-8 hours, 24, and 48 hours after the 2nd dose. One sample will be collected at each of these times. At the time of delivery, umbilical cord blood will be collected before being discarded for DNA, serum and plasma. Four placenta sections will be collected. A maternal blood sample will also be obtained for serum and plasma. If the investigators are unable to obtain umbilical cord blood, a buccal swab will be collected from the baby for DNA extraction. A chart review will be done on the infant within 30 days of birth to review and record neonatal outcomes.

Inclusion criteria

• Gestational age between 23-34 weeks with a diagnosis of threatened preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes, or other diagnosis with a high likelihood of preterm delivery where the provider is recommending administering antenatal corticosteroids
• Singleton gestation
• Live fetus at the time of enrollment
• Being administered antenatal corticosteroids to enhance lung maturity
• Ability to provide written informed consent to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

• Maternal age <18 years old
• Major congenital anomalies
• Known severe abruptio placentae at the time of enrollment
• Multiple gestations
• Hepatic failure (history of hepatic failure, cirrhosis or 2- fold increase in Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) or Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
• Renal failure (serum creatinine > 2 mg/dl)