PET Imaging of Radiolabeled Anti-HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibody (VRC01)

This will be a single-center pilot study to determine dosimetry and tissue uptake/distribution and pharmacokinetics of 89Zr-VRC01. Up to 18 uninfected and HIV-infected subjects who are either taking or not taking ART will receive a small IV dose of 89Zr-VRC01. After administration of IV 89Zr-VRC01, subjects will undergo up to 4 whole body PET/MR imaging at 2, 6, 24 and 72-120h to determine the pharmacokinetics and radiation dose exposure. The study involves two phases with the second phase only to be performed only if a difference between PET activity in one or more region of interest can be determined between participant groups Phase I (HIV infected, viremic participants and healthy volunteers). Initially, up to 6 individuals with plasma HIV RNA levels >1,000 copies/ml and up to 6 HIV-uninfected individuals will be administered 89Zr radiolabeled VRC01 followed by PET-MR imaging as above (Phase 1). If differences in PET activity in one or more imaging region of interest can be identified between infected and uninfected individuals, up to 6 individuals on suppressive ART will be administered 89Zr radiolabeled VRC01 followed by PET-MRI (Phase 2). Timing of the PET-MR scans will be determined based on the data from Phase 1.

Inclusion criteria

Study Phase 1

• Age ≥18 years, and
• HIV uninfected, or
• HIV infection, and
• has an HIV viral load measurement within 12 months of study entry of >40 copies/mL, and
• HIV-1 envelope RNA or DNA consensus sequence from peripheral blood suggestive of VRC01 binding activity (HIV infected participants only)

Study Phase 2

• Age ≥18 years, and
• HIV infection, and
• Initiated a combination ART regimen and has HIV viral load measurements below the detection limit of a clinically approved PCR-based assay (e.g. <40 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL of blood), or
• HIV infection, and
• has an HIV viral load measurement within 12 months of study entry of >40 copies/mL, and
• HIV-1 envelope RNA or DNA consensus sequence from peripheral blood suggestive of VRC01 binding activity, or
• HIV uninfected

Exclusion criteria

Study Phase 1

• For patients planning to be imaged on PET-MR scanner, exclusion criteria will include any contra-indication to MRI, including permanent pacemaker, implantable metallic device/ prosthetic, aneurysm clip, non-removable piercing, or severe claustrophobia
• Any medical condition that would compromise the imaging acquisition, in the opinion of the investigator
• Patients who have had a study involving radiation within six months of enrolling in this study
• Patients who are pregnant (female patients of childbearing age will be tested prior to injection of imaging agent - positive test will exclude from participating in the study)
• Screening absolute neutrophil count <1,000 cells/mm3, platelet count <70,000 cells/mm3, hemoglobin < 8 mg/dL, estimated creatinine clearance <40 mL/minute, aspartate aminotransferase >100 units/L, alanine aminotransferase >100 units/L.
• Absolute CD4+ T cell count <100 cells/μL (HIV infected individuals only)
• Serious illness requiring hospitalization or parental antibiotics within the preceding 3 months.
• Current HIV-related opportunistic infection such as pneumocystis pneumonia, disseminated microbacterial infection, invasive cryptococcal disease, candidal esophagitis (limited oral thrush acceptable) and cerebral toxoplasmosis

Study Phase 2

• For patients planning to be imaged on PET-MR scanner, exclusion criteria will include any contra-indication to MRI, including permanent pacemaker, implantable metallic device/ prosthetic, aneurysm clip, non-removable piercing, or severe claustrophobia
• Any medical condition that would compromise the imaging acquisition, in the opinion of the investigator
• Patients who have had a study involving radiation within 12 months of enrolling in this study
• Patients who are pregnant (female patients of childbearing age will be tested prior to injection of imaging agent - positive test will exclude from participating in the study)
• Screening absolute neutrophil count <1,000 cells/mm3, platelet count <70,000 cells/mm3, hemoglobin < 8 mg/dL, estimated creatinine clearance <40 mL/minute, aspartate aminotransferase >100 units/L, alanine aminotransferase >100 units/L.
• Absolute CD4+ T cell count <100 cells/μL (HIV infected individuals only)
• Serious illness requiring hospitalization or parental antibiotics within the preceding 3 months.
• Current HIV-related opportunistic infection such as pneumocystis pneumonia, disseminated microbacterial infection, invasive cryptococcal disease, candidal esophagitis (limited oral thrush acceptable) and cerebral toxoplasmosis