PET-CT vs DWI-MRI in Response Evaluation in Esophageal Cancer

In patients with esophageal cancer (EC) neo-adjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) followed by surgery with curative intent leads to objective responses in 45 to 60%, whereas 20-35% of the patients had no residual tumor (ypT0N0) at pathologic examination. The absolute survival benefit of response to nCRT is 15%, but still 14% of the patients develop locoregional failure in the CROSS trial. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography ((FDG-PET-CT) is able to distinct responders from non-responders, but still misses significant clinical evidence. Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown potential benefits, which might be enhanced by combining both methods. PET/CT and DWI-MRI more precisely correlate anatomic and metabolic FDG-avid lesions and seem to assess post-treatment changes, especially regarding nodal staging. Both techniques claim an important role in selection of patients with clinical complete response (cCR) and indirectly with pathologic complete response (pCR) after nCRT. However, the exact role and complementary effects of both techniques is still unknown.

For appropriate judgment of response, secure standard endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with fine needle aspiration (FNA) / biopsy of potential suspected lesions, both nodal or residual tumor, seen on PET/CT or DWI/MRI or during EUS will be performed <2 weeks before surgery, approximately 6-10 weeks after nCRT and compared with the situation at primary staging. Patients with clinical complete response (cCR) resembling pathologic response (pCR= ypT0N0) after nCRT may refrain from surgical resection and related morbidity and mortality. However, patients without early (2wk after commencement) response during nCRT course may not benefit from nCRT.

DWI-MRI seems effective in pre-treatment prediction of treatment outcome. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which indirectly measures tissue density, can be used to determine the likelihood of tumor response to treatment. High ADC before treatment has shown to predict an unfavorable response. Tumors with low ADC values on presentation generally respond better to treatment. An increased ADC in patients during and after nCRT could be used to predict early pathologic response i.e. discrimination of "responders and non-responders" to nCRT.

Completed

Looking for future studies?

Notify Me

Key information

Conditions

Esophageal Tumor Digestive System Diseases Digestive System Neoplasms Esophageal Diseases Esophageal Neoplasms Gastrointestinal Diseases Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Head and Neck Neoplasms Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

University Medical Center Groningen

Groningen, 9700RB, Netherlands

About this study

DWI-MRI seems effective in pre-treatment prediction of treatment outcome. Tumor hypoxia mediates chemoradiation resistance, leading to selection of aggressive tumor cell clones with the capacity to evade tumor microenvironment by increased anaerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which indirectly measures tissue density, can be used to determine the likelihood of tumor response to treatment. High ADC before treatment has shown to predict an unfavorable response. Tumors with low ADC values on presentation generally respond better to treatment. An increased ADC in patients during and after nCRT could be used to predict early pathologic response i.e. discrimination of "responders and non-responders" to nCRT.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Histologically proven esophageal cancer (SCC and AC).
Age of 18 years or older.
Able to give written informed consent before registration.
T2-T4aN0M0 or T1-T4aN1-3M0 esophageal cancer.
Potentially curatively (R0) resectable tumor.
Tumor have sufficient FDG-baseline uptake.
Able to tolerate PET-CT and DWI-MRI as required by protocol.
Eligible for neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), including KPScore ≥ 70% / WHO>2; adequate renal, hepatic, hematological function.
No prior chemotherapy or mediastinal radiotherapy allowed.

Exclusion criteria

Non-resectable tumors: clinical or pathologic (T4b/R1-2 resections).
Proven distant metastases.
Prior malignancy except in-situ cervical lesions or non-melanoma skin cancer in the past 5 years.
Poorly controlled diabetes
Medical comorbidity preventing from surgery/preop CRT
General contraindications to MRI:

implanted pacemaker/serious claustrophobia
aneurysmal clips/metal implants in field of view

Major obesity (BMI > 40). 7. Active esophagitis. 8. Breast feeding/Pregnancy.

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

Tumor response

Time frame: Assessing clinical and pathologic response

Within 2 weeks (early response) and at 6-10 weeks (late response)

Secondary outcomes

Disease free survival (DFS)

Time frame: at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University Medical Center Groningen

Other

Registry information

Official study title

PET-CT and DWI-MRI in Evaluating and Predicting Response to Neo-adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer Patients

Acronym: PET/MRI-EC

Important dates

Study start: 2015
Primary completion: 2017
Study completion: 2017
First posted: Jul 20, 2016
Registry last updated: Feb 28, 2024

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.

Recruiting