Personalized Medicine in the Elderly With Vision Impairment and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Globally, approximately 55 million people suffer from dementia, and 60-70% of cases are due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing scientific evidence highlights that the pathological changes underlying AD and other forms of dementia begin long before the onset of symptoms. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical condition that in people over 65 shows a prevalence ranging from 3% to 22%. The characteristics of MCI are the presence of a subjective memory disorder and a reduced ability to learn new information with normal general cognitive functioning, normal ability to perform daily activities and the absence of other conditions, such as depression, that could justify the memory disorder. Currently, the diagnosis of MCI is based exclusively on clinical evaluation, including neuropsychological tests.

Currently, there are no therapies available to prevent and/or treat dementia and the options for intervention are represented by treatments such as physical exercise and cognitive treatment. These practices refer to the concept of cognitive reserve. Computerized cognitive training (CCT) is characterized by being a personalized intervention, allows multi-domain training and increases the cognitive processes of patients with MCI. The National Low Vision Center has been using a software called nLIFE EyeFitness for several years, certified as a Class I Medical device. It allows you to carry out individualized rehabilitation exercises at home, using your own PC or tablet, with monitoring by the Center's operators. The exercises currently present stimulate attention, short-term visual memory, reaction time, executive function, working memory and, therefore, also appear suitable for stimulating subjects with MCI.