Performance of PEAR 2.0 Software in Prescribing Biotherapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

This study plans to include 234 patients who, like you, suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, and who will initiate biotherapy in one of the hospital departments taking part in this research. The main objective is to demonstrate the performance of the PEAR 2.0 decision support software, i.e. to show that the software's recommendations for achieving remission are accurate and reliable. The other objectives are to collect data that could help the algorithm evolve, and to provide other information such as the probability of achieving a reduction in rheumatoid arthritis activity in patients who have failed several biotherapies.

Because the software must first demonstrate its reliability, the investigator will not use it and will prescribe the biotherapy he thinks is best suited to his patient. The software's results will be communicated to the investigator at the consultation scheduled 6 months after the start of the biotherapy.

During two consultations (before the start of biotherapy and 6 months after the first day of biotherapy), the investigator will collect the data needed for the study and which describe the disease. These data are either present in the patient's medical record or are usually collected during consultations in the rheumatology department.

For the purposes of the study, at the first visit, the investigator will prescribe a blood sample (10 ml) to be taken at the hospital laboratory before starting the biotherapy. This sample will be used to analyze the biological markers (transcriptome) that the software algorithm uses to establish its recommendations.

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female 18 years or older ;
• With severe rheumatoid arthritis (DAS 28 ≥ 5.1) or moderate rheumatoid arthritis (DAS 28 3.2 ≥ and <5.1);
• For whom one of the 6 biotherapies Etanercept, Adalimumab, Infliximab, Rituximab, Tocilizumab, Abatacept, or respective biosimilars, is planned, and accepting treatment after having been duly informed of the risks and benefits of the biotherapy;
• Agreeing to the collection of an additional volume of blood for transcriptomic analysis;
• Having given their free, informed and express written consent;
• Affiliated with a French social security scheme.

Exclusion criteria

• Biotherapies not analyzed by RITI (Certolizumab, Golimumab, Anakinra, Sarilumab);
• Combination of biotherapies or combination with a tsDMARD);
• Patients under judicial protection (curatorship, guardianship, safeguard of justice) or patients with psychotic disorders unable to complete quality of life and assessment questionnaires;
• Already included in an interventional study or in the exclusion period of an interventional study.