People Bereaved by Violent Death : Negative Event Biases and Temporal Perception

This work is based on cognitive models of post-traumatic stress disorder involving cognitive biases as factors of development and maintenance of symptomatology. Indeed, in people exposed to a potentially traumatic event, it has been found that an early deterioration in cognitive functioning is a risk factor for developing post-traumatic stress disorders . Among these cognitive alterations, attentional biases toward threat are the most explored and research shows both facilitated engagement and difficulties in disengagement in front of threatening stimuli. In addition, while expecting for a negative event, there is changes in the perception of time . These processes can be explored on a behavioral level and in electroencephalography , in particular through the evoked related potentials following a stimulus. Among these evoked related potentials , the Late Positive Potential component reflects the attentional process, while the Contingent Negative Variation component and the α and β power reflects temporal perception.

As exposure to violent death can have a traumatic impact, our hypothesis is that people bereaved by violent death could present attentional biases, and that these biases would be prodromal of the onset of a psychiatric disorder (Post-traumatic stress disorders , depression afterwards). The objective of this study is to describe the presence of these biases through electrophysiological and behavioral measures in a sample of subjects bereaved by violent death.

Inclusion criteria

• An age between 18 and 65 years old
• Recent bereavement by violent death of a relative in first and second degree

Exclusion criteria

• Protected adults
• Lack of mastering French language
• History of neurodegenerative disorder
• History of psychiatric disorder treated pharmacologically with modification of the basic treatment in the month preceding the death
• The take of an benzodiazepine treatment in the 24th hours before the first visit (T0)