Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise During Pregnancy

Purpose of the research This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pelvic floor muscle exercises during pregnancy on sexual function, lower urinary tract symptoms and birth process.

Type of Research This research is of randomized controlled prospective type.

Place and Time the Research The research was conducted at the Pregnancy Outpatient Clinic of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, between December 2022 and October 2023.

Population and Sample of the Research The population of the research consisted of pregnant women who applied to the Pregnancy Outpatient Clinic of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. G*Power (3.1.9.7) Program was used to determine the sample number of pelvic floor muscle exercise (experimental group) and control groups. The Female Sexual Function Index was taken as the main parameter in the study. As a result of the power analysis performed with α=0.05 and power of 95% (effect size: 0.7), the sample was calculated as 29 pregnant women for each group. Considering that there may be losses during the study period, it was decided to include a total of 100 pregnant women between the ages of 18-40, including the experimental group (n = 50) and the control group (n = 50).

The numbers to be included in the sample were determined using the randomization program (www.randomizer.org).

As a result of the exclusion of 8 women who withdrew from participating in the study, 5 women due to risky pregnancies (bleeding, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes) and 17 women due to cesarean delivery, the data of 35 pregnant women in the experimental group and 35 pregnant women in the control group were obtained.

Research data were collected with "Personal Information Form" (between 18-20th week of pregnancy), "Female Sexual Function Index" (between 18-20th week of pregnancy and 32nd week of pregnancy), "Mid-term Evaluation Form" (26th week of pregnancy), "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Long Form (ICIQ-FLUTS LF)" (between 18-20th week of pregnancy and 32nd week of pregnancy), "Birth Process Follow-up Form" (between 3-7th days after birth) and "Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise Follow-up Form" (20-32 between weeks of pregnancy).

Inclusion criteria

• Between the 18th and 20th weeks of gestation,
• Nulliparous and single pregnancy,
• Sexually active,
• Body mass index before pregnancy <30,
• Urinary incontinence and urinary infection are not diagnosed,
• Not having a psychiatric illness,
• The spouse does not have sexual dysfunction.

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnant women under 18 weeks and older than 20 weeks,
• Primiparous and multiparous,
• High-risk pregnancy (multiple pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, pregnancy with assisted reproductive techniques),
• Pregnant women who are scheduled for elective cesarean section,
• Those who give birth by cesarean section.