Pectoralis and Serratus Muscle Blocks

The primary aim is to determine whether a PECS/SAP block, using a mixture of bupivacaine and liposomal bupivacaine, provides superior recovery compared to routine parenteral and enteral analgesia in patients recovering from MICS. The primary outcome will be the simple multi-dimensional quality assessment, Overall Benefit Analgesia Score (OBAS score).53 Our secondary aims are to: 1) compare cumulative postoperative opioid consumption (pain medications administered over one-day periods quantified as morphine equivalents and provided by the EMR for the day of surgery and postoperative days 1, 2, and 3; 2) evaluate respiratory mechanics (forced expiratory volume in first minute (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak flow) after extubation on the postoperative days 1, 2 and 3 while patients remain hospitalized; and, (3) evaluate the Quality-of-Recovery-15 score on the postoperative days 1, 2 and 3.

Inclusion criteria

• 18-85 years old;
• Elective minimally invasive robotically-assisted mitral valve repair via anterolateral thoracotomy

Exclusion criteria

• Weight less than 50 kg;
• Pregnancy or lactation;
• Emergency surgery and patients transferred from the ICU to the operating room;
• Redo cardiothoracic surgery or post-operative reoperation within 72 hours of index procedure (including minor chest wall procedures including tube thoracostomy, thoracentesis or percutaneous drain placement);
• Anticipated endotracheal intubation > 24 hours;
• Anticipated non-study nerve block that provides analgesia to the intercostal nerves;
• Active systemic or cardiopulmonary infection;
• Mechanical circulatory support;
• Allergy or contraindication to study local anesthetics;
• Current chronic pain or routine opioid use (patients on chronic enteral opioids like Percocet or Vicodin) in a dose of > 30 mg of morphine-milligram-equivalents for at least 10 days in last 30 days;
• Poorly controlled psychiatric disorders;
• Clinically important current neurologic deficit;
• Active liver disease or cirrhosis;
• Pacemaker generator or breast implants ipsilateral to surgery;
• Previous participation in this study.