Patients With Distal Radius Fracture

Primary outcomes

1. Visual Analogue Scale

   Time frame: six month

   To evaluate pain severity, patient show a point to indicate her/his pain between 0-10 points on a vertical 100mm line. Severity of pain was assessed with VAS in sleep, rest, and activity.

2. algometer

   Time frame: six month

   An algometer is used to evaluate pain threshold of the patient for distal radioulnar joint, ulnas styloid, m.pronator quadratus, radial styloid, m. flexor pollicis longus, and triangular fibrocartilage complex.The threshold value of pain was recorded by placing the probe against the points. Then, it was gradually increased and reduced to apply a pressure of 1kg / 0.5cm² with 0.5 cm² probe head .

3. range of motion

   Time frame: six month

   An universal goniometer is used to evaluate patient's active motion of joints for wrist and forearm.

4. grip strength

   Time frame: six month

   Grip strength was measured by a hand dynamometer according to the American Association of Hand Therapy Association's standard grip strength measurement method. Right/left extremity and their progression are compared in this evaluation.

5. radiographic evaluations

   Time frame: six month

   The posteroanterior (PA) and lateral (L) radiographic measurements were assessed by an experienced hand surgeon to determine the type of fracture, geometry, and associated pathology. Radial length and radial inclination were assessed by PA radiography. Dorsal or volar angulations of the distal fragment were evaluated on the lateral radiography.

6. Push-Off Test (POT)

   Time frame: six month

   POT was performed to determine the weight transfer strength of the patient to the injured extremity. The test was performed simultaneously and bilaterally by reversing the hand parts of the two hand dynamometers.

7. Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHOQ)

   Time frame: six month

   MHOQ was used for evaluating the participation and functional levels of the patients. In the questionnaire consisting of 37 questions under six headings, general hand function, daily life activities, pain, work, aesthetics and satisfaction are evaluated. In the pain scale, high scores indicate greater pain, while in the other five scales, high scores denote better hand performance.

8. Short Form of Disabilities of Arm-Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (Q-DASH)

   Time frame: six month

   It was used to assess the upper extremity functional status of patients from their perspective. It is a questionnaire that measures an individual's ability to complete tasks, absorb forces, and severity of symptoms. It includes 11 item. The score on test ranges from 0 (no disability) to 100 (most severe disability). A higher scores indicate a greater level of disability and severity.

9. Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT)

   Time frame: six month

   The seven individual subtests of JTHFT writing, card turning, picking up small common objects, stacking checkers, stimulated feeding, moving light objects and moving heavy objects, were performed as a standardized procedure.