Patients' Expectations About the Survival Benefits of Cancer Drugs Approved Based on Progression-Free Survival

Progression-free survival (PFS) (the time until a tumour grows, spreads, or the patient dies) is among the most common outcomes supporting the approval of new cancer drugs. Likely owing to similar terminology and the use of the word 'survival', patients often confuse PFS with overall survival, which may lead to treatment decisions that are not aligned with patients' individual preferences. Alternative descriptions of PFS that acknowledge the absence of a survival benefit may improve understanding.

This randomized controlled trial will evaluate whether communicating data on overall survival data in addition to information on progression-free improves the accuracy of cancer patients' expectations about the survival benefits of new cancer drugs, since patients may only understand the distinction between these outcomes when they are presented with data on both. Three alternative descriptions for PFS will be compared, including those used by the FDA, the National Cancer Institute, and a plain-language version that was developed drawing on prior work about communicating PFS. This study will also compare the additive effect of overall survival data for each alternative description of PFS.

Inclusion criteria

• US adults with a current or former cancer diagnosis (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer)
• US adults 18 years of age and older, fluent in English, and residing in the United States.

Exclusion criteria

• Adults who do not have a former cancer diagnosis or who were diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancer; adults who complete the survey in under 150 seconds, and who do not meet the other inclusion criteria.