Pathways to Prevention Food-is-Medicine Trial

A questionnaire will use participant responses to short-answer questions regarding lifestyle and dietary behaviors, physical activity, sleep, biological metrics, and nicotine exposure. The responses to this standardized questionnaire will result in a single composite score.

Self-reported survey to assess parent's intention to change their own and their child's lifestyle behaviors that put them at risk for future CVD.

Survey to evaluate participant satisfaction with the intervention. The survey uses a 5-point Likert scale. There will be a series of statements and participants will select one of 5 responses ranging from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree).

Interviews with participants to assess participant thoughts on the intervention. Interviews will be analyzed qualitatively to learn about their experience with the intervention. Focus will be given to participant satisfaction.

Self-reported surveys to determine the perceived benefits and the perceived barriers to lifestyle change for themselves and their child.

Self-reported survey to determine an individual's knowledge of heart disease for themselves.

A self-reported survey to assess perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, fear, anxiety, self-efficacy, and response efficacy with relation to parent and their perception of their child's future cardiovascular disease risk.

Surveys to determine parent's and their child's CVD risk factors.

Measures to assess participant ability to understand health information. Questionnaire is a series of 5 questions about a nutritional label. Each participant response will be graded as "correct" or "incorrect" and will receive a score from 0 (no correct answers) to 5 (five correct answers).

All Healthy Conversation Skills will be recorded. All recorded calls will be compiled and used for data collection purposes. These recordings will be used to describe participant responses to Healthy Conversation Skills communication.

A measure that will map the quality of resources and conditions that matter for children to develop in a healthy way in the neighborhoods where they live.

Measures of social factors that may affect an individual's health and/or ability to change their lifestyle behaviors.

Attendance at all educational classes and scheduled encounters will be tracked.

Participants will be asked a series of questions about how many times they have accessed health care facilities. Participants will respond with a number. A higher number indicates a higher healthcare use.

Survey that asks participants a series of questions related to receiving assistance for food and difficulty accessing food. Questions about are asked as yes/no or as a 3-point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (often true) to 3 (never true).

Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ) is a brief 26-item, semi-structured food frequency questionnaire.

To help describe participant population, parent age, sex, race/ethnicity, level of education attainment, number of members in the household, and annual income will be recorded.

Participants will be weighed, wearing light clothing and without shoes, on a standardized and calibrated digital scale. Weight will be recorded with a precision of 0.1 kg.

Calculation of body composition via bioelectrical impedance (e.g., InBody) which estimates free fat mass, muscle mass, fat mass and other body composition values.

Participant standing height will be measured using a standardized fixed stadiometer with a vertical backboard and moveable headboard. Care will be taken to ensure that subjects are standing with feet and chin in proper position for the height measurement. Height will be recorded to the nearest 1 mm with shoes removed.

BMI values are correlated with body fatness and are calculated using weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. Based on the sex of the child, the correct BMI growth chart will be used. For children, the BMI percentile line closest to that point of intersection is the child's sex- and age-specific BMI percentile. For adults, BMI will be classified based on CDC criteria for normal weight, overweight, and obese.

Waist measurements will be completed for all participants using a tape measure. Waist circumference will be measured at the uppermost lateral border of the hip crest (ilium). Waist circumference will be measured with a precision of 0.1 cm per CDC guidelines for children and adults.

BP will be assessed by standard clinical methods using an Omron autocuff for all child and parent participants. Measurements will all be taken on the right side of the body unless the participant has a cast, amputation, or for some other reason the measurement cannot be taken on the right side.

Cholesterol will be calculated via point-of-care methods using the Abbott Cholestex LDX machine. Standardized protocols as per Abbott will be used to collect the sample (using a 21-gauge pinprick needle and capillary tube) to collect the sample. The LDX machine will calculate the cholesterol within 5-10 min.

3-month average glucose will be estimated via hemoglobin A1c using the Abbott Affinion machine. Standardized protocols as per Abbott will be used to collect the sample (using a 21-gauge pinprick needle and capillary tube) to collect the sample. The Affinion machine will calculate the hemoglobin A1c within a few minutes.