Parenting with an Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Mentalization Scale (MentS) is a 28-item instrument for measuring mentalization in three aspects: self-related, other-related, and motivation to mentalize. The total score for the MentS ranges from 28 to 140, with higher scores indicating a higher overall ability to mentalize. Higher scores in the subscales and total score indicate a higher ability to mentalize.

The Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 (AQ-10) is a shortened self-report questionnaire developed to measure autistic traits in adults. The instrument is a brief version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient and consists of 10 items that can be used as a screening tool. The total score for the Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating a higher presence of autistic traits.

The Short-Form Health Survey - 12 (SF-12) is a screening instrument for assessing health-related quality of life. The SF-12 includes the Physical Component Summary score representing General Health Perception, Physical Functioning, Role Physical, and Bodily Pain, and the Mental Component Summary score reflecting Emotional Role Functioning, Mental Health, Vitality, and Social Functioning. Scores for the SF-12 typically range from 0 to 100 for each summary component, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.

The Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) is a shortened version of the Symptom Checklist 90, consisting of 18 items. The BSI-18 short form is a cost-effective, reliable, and valid self-report measure that is increasingly internationally recognized. It comprises 6 items each assessing the syndromes of somatization, depression, and anxiety. Scores for the BSI-18 range from 0 to 72, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most commonly used measures for assessing the mental health of children and adolescents from both self and parent perspectives. The SDQ assesses mental health issues and resources in children and adolescents aged 2 to 17 years with five items each across five subscales: conduct problems, emotional symptoms, hyperactivity, peer problems, and prosocial behavior. Scores for each subscale range from 0 to 10, and the total difficulties score ranges from 0 to 40. Higher scores on the conduct problems, emotional symptoms, hyperactivity, and peer problems subscales indicate greater difficulties, while higher scores on the prosocial behavior subscale indicate greater strengths.

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Short Form (DERS-SF) is an 18-item questionnaire designed to assess emotion regulation difficulties in adults. The measurement covers four dimensions of emotion regulation: awareness and understanding of emotions; acceptance of emotions; the ability to engage in goal-directed behavior and refrain from impulsive behavior when experiencing negative emotions; and access to perceived effective emotion regulation strategies. Scores for the DERS-SF range from 18 to 90, with higher scores indicating greater difficulties in emotion regulation.

The Parental Stress Inventory (Eltern-Belastungs-Inventar; EBI) is an instrument for assessing parental stress. The Parental Stress Inventory comprises a total of 48 items. It provides indications of whether parents are impaired in their tasks of parenting, caring, and providing for their child due to increased stress, thus necessitating support or intervention measures for the family. Scores for the Parental Stress Inventory range from 48 to 240, with higher scores indicating greater parental stress.

The Parenting Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Fragebogen zur Selbstwirksamkeit in der Erziehung; FSW) is a 9-item questionnaire designed to assess parenting self-efficacy. Scores for the Parenting Self-Efficacy Questionnaire range from 9 to 45, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy in parenting.

The Certainty About Mental States Questionnaire (CAMSQ) is a self-assessment instrument for measuring the perceived ability to understand mental states of oneself and others (i.e., mentalizing). The CAMSQ consists of 20 items answered on a seven-point response scale. Scores for the Certainty About Mental States Questionnaire range from 20 to 140, with higher scores indicating a greater perceived ability to understand mental states.

The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) will be used to assess Parental Reflective Functioning (PRF) as a multidimensional construct. The PRFQ consists of 18 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale. Scores for the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire range from 18 to 126, with higher scores indicating greater parental reflective functioning.