Paliperidone Extended Release(ER) Effectiveness Study to Evaluate the Objective Symptom Change and Symptomatic Remission

The PANSS is a 30-item scale designed to assess various symptoms of schizophrenia including delusions, grandiosity, blunted affect, poor attention, and poor impulse control. The 30 symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale that ranges from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme psychopathology). The PANSS total score consists of the sum of all 30 PANSS items and ranges from 30 to 210. Higher scores indicate worsening. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.

The PANSS Positive Subscale assesses seven positive-symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms refer to an excess or distortion of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.

The PANSS Negative Subscale assesses seven negative-symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms represent a diminution or loss of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.

The PANSS General Psychopathology Subscale Score assesses 16 general psychopathology symptoms. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 16 (absent) to 112 (extreme psychopathology). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.

The PSP is 100-point validated clinician-rated scale that assesses degree of difficulty in 4 areas of functioning: socially useful activities, personal and social relationships, self-care, disturbing and aggressive behaviors rated on 6-point scale (1=absent to 6=very severe).Total transformed score from 1 to 100 is generated from raw score based on clinical interpretation of scores generated in 4 areas of functioning, with higher transformed score indicating better function. Total score is divided into 3 levels: 71-100 (mild difficulty); 31-70 (marked difficulty) and 1-30 (severe difficulty). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.

The DAI-10 is a 10-item questionnaire to assess 1) subjective experience of drug and 2) attitudes and beliefs toward neuroleptics which may influence compliance in schizophrenia participants. It is the binary scale assessing the participant's subjective response. A 'compliant' response is scored as +1; a dysphoric response is scored as -1. A positive sum of items indicates a positive subjective response (SR); a negative sum of scores indicates a negative SR (non-compliant). The final score is the grand total of the positive and negative points. Total score ranges from (-) 10 to (+) 10, higher score indicates positive SR (compliant) and lower score indicates negative SR (non-compliant). Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.

The SWN-20 scale is a 20 item scale that was originally designed to explore the subjective experience of psychotic participants. The SWN scale contains five sub-scales consisting of four items each: mental functioning (MF), self-control (SC), emotional regulation (ER), and social integration (SI), physical functioning (PF). The total score ranges from a minimum of 20 (poor subjective experience) to a maximum of 120 (excellent subjective experience). SWN scores appear to correlate with measure of objective psychopathology, quality of life and other self-ratings of mood. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.

Daytime Drowsiness was assessed by an 11-point visual analog scale. Participants indicated on the 11-point visual analog scale (score ranging from 0 to 100 millimeter) how well they have slept in the previous 7 days, from 0 (very badly) to 100 (very well); and how often they have felt drowsy within the previous 7 days, from 0 (not at all) to 100 (all the time). Scores were averaged for the previous 7 days. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.

Sleep quality was assessed by an 11-point visual analog scale. Participants indicated on the 11-point visual analog scale (score ranging from 0 to 100 millimeter) how well they have slept in the previous 7 days, from 0 (very badly) to 100 (very well); and how often they have felt drowsy within the previous 7 days, from 0 (not at all) to 100 (all the time). Scores were averaged for the previous 7 days. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.

The SCL90-R (Derogatis, 1992) measures 9 domains, including somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, which provides a global index of distress, the Global Severity Index (GSI). SCL-90-R includes 90 items rated on 5-point scale, ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). Total scale score range from 0 to 360. Higher scores indicate worsening of disease. Total scale score range from 0 to 360. Higher scores indicate worsening of disease. Change from Baseline is calculated as value at Baseline minus value at Week 48. Data for three groups is presented here, based on participants' transition to Paliperidone ER from other oral antipsychotics.