PainTrain-AI Pilot: Feasibility, Usability (SUS) and Concept-Shift in Primary Care and a Specialized Setting

Usability will be assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS), a validated 10-item questionnaire that yields a score from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better usability. Participants will complete the SUS after interacting with the PainTrain-AI educational simulation for the predefined training period. The primary feasibility criterion is achieving a mean SUS score ≥75, indicating good usability.

Concept-shift will be assessed as the change in the proportion of predefined misconceptions about pain neurophysiology identified in a standardized scoring rubric. Participants will complete a brief conceptual test before and after exposure to the PainTrain-AI educational simulation. Concept-shift is calculated as the reduction in incorrect or outdated statements related to chronic pain mechanisms. Higher improvement reflects better conceptual understanding. No patient data are involved.

Adherence will be measured as the proportion of scheduled training modules or simulation sessions that each participant completes within the study period. Adherence is calculated as the percentage of completed sessions relative to the total number of modules assigned. Higher values indicate greater engagement with the PainTrain-AI educational intervention. No patient data are involved.

Latency will be measured as the average system response time (in seconds) during user interactions with the PainTrain-AI digital simulation. Latency is calculated automatically from platform logs as the time elapsed between a user input and the system's generated response. Higher latency indicates greater technological friction. This outcome evaluates technical feasibility and user experience. No patient data are involved.