Pain and Symptom Management in Rural Communities

Patients in isolated rural settings often lack easy access to pain care and specialist services. Yet rural residents are more likely than their urban counterparts to be older; be in poorer overall health; suffer from more chronic or serious illnesses and disabilities; be uninsured or underinsured; and live in poverty. Telehealth is an emerging method of health care delivery that has been found useful and effective in many clinical settings and specialties. Telehealth technologies can bridge geographic distance and increase access to specialist care in rural settings. The investigators propose a cluster randomized clinical trial design to test the effects of a telehealth-enhanced palliative care pain-management program for 240 patients and 40 providers in rural health care settings. The proposed program will provide services to both patients and providers: Patients will conduct self-assessments and report pain and other symptoms via telehealth. Health care providers will receive telehealth-delivered case consultations that will include case management, evidence-based practice resources, and peer support. Providers and their patients will be randomly assigned to intervention groups, which receive the telehealth-enhanced palliative care pain-management intervention, or to control groups. The investigators primary aim is to compare patient self-reports of pain and quality of life in the intervention and control groups over 2 months. Aim 2 is to examine, in the intervention and control groups over 2 months, providers' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain and perceived competence in treating pain. Aim 3 is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the telehealth intervention. The investigators will use mixed effects models with patients nested within providers to evaluate the effect of the intervention on study outcomes. Findings from this study will be instrumental in advancing telehealth and improving pain management and palliative care among underserved rural populations.