Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio for ESS with no additional treatment (control group) or ESS followed by Airiver ESSpand DCB sinus dilation of affected sinuses (treatment group) at up to 40 US based sites.

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female, aged ≥18 years
• Confirmed diagnosis of CRS per the 2021 "International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis" definition.
• Radiographic evidence of bilateral ethmoid disease on CT taken 6 months or less prior to study index procedure and at least 6 months after any prior ESS or nasal surgery, polypectomy, balloon sinus dilation, etc. as applicable
• Radiographic evidence of bilateral frontal sinus and/or frontal sinus outflow tract disease
• Baseline SNOT-22 score ≥ 30
• Has failed previous medical treatment and is an appropriate candidate for primary or revision ESS of bilateral ethmoid sinuses and bilateral frontal/frontal sinus outflow tract
• Willing and able to provide written informed consent
• Willing and able to comply with all protocol follow up visits and assessments

Exclusion criteria

• Nasal cavity tumor (malignant or benign)
• Antrochoanal polyps
• Previous complete middle turbinate resection
• Clinical evidence or suspicion of invasive fungal sinusitis (e.g., bone erosion on CT scan, necrotic sinus tissue)
• History of prior lamina dehiscence or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in skull-based dehiscence
• Concurrent condition requiring active chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy management
• Subjects whose symptoms are too severe to undergo ESS (e.g., temperature >102.5F or extra-sinus manifestations, such as orbital cellulitis; dental or facial or brain abscess; cavernous vein thrombosis; or altered mental status
• History of complications from prior ESS or balloon dilation procedure (e.g., CSF leak or injury to the skull base or orbital injury)
• History of primary ciliary dyskinesia
• Oral-steroid dependent conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other conditions
• Have evidence of significant baseline mucosal injury, ulceration, or erosion (e.g., exposed cartilage, perforation) on nasal examination
• Acute purulent nasal infection or upper respiratory tract infection, including but not limited to acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS), acute rhinosinusitis (ARS), or COVID -19 within 2 weeks before the baseline visit.
• Allergy or hypersensitivity to paclitaxel or structurally related compounds.
• Subject has taken biologic drugs in the 6 months leading up to the screening visit or who expect to take biologics in the next 24 months.
• Subject has taken oral corticosteroids in the 30 days leading up to their baseline appointment.
• Subject who plans to undergo posterior nasal nerve ablation in the next 24 months.
• Subject has a history of inability to tolerate nasal endoscopy
• Concurrent medical condition that would affect the investigator's ability to evaluate the subject's condition or that could compromise subject safety, such as severe COPD, severe asthma
• Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the first 12 months of enrollment in the study
• Subject who has undergone a nasal/sinus surgery including but not limited to ESS, polypectomy, septoplasty, turbinoplasty, balloon sinus dilation, placement of steroid releasing implants, posterior nasal nerve ablation in the 6 months prior to the baseline appointment.
• Previous Draf III frontal sinus surgery or a study index procedure ESS is expected to be or is a Draf III sinus surgery.
• Subject whose index procedure did not include bilateral ethmoid ESS and bilateral frontal ESS
• Subject whose expected study index procedure includes steroid releasing implants or non-resorbable nasal packing/stents.
• Subject whose study index procedure is aborted for any reason
• Life expectancy <2 years