Orientation of the Lymphocyte Response to the Occurrence of Atherosclerotic Complications After Kidney Transplantation

The incidence of atherosclerotic complications is increased after kidney transplantation. Traditional risk factors do not fully explain this increased risk. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which all players in the immune response are involved. The impact of these immune responses is not well known in immunocompromised patients, particularly among organ transplant. Nevertheless, the work of our group suggest that innate and acquired responses through different mechanisms influencing the evolution of atheromatous disease after transplantation.

The investigators therefore propose to study the impact of the expansion of regulatory T cells on the risk of atherosclerotic complications after transplantation.

Since November 2008, the investigators began a multicenter, prospective study whose purpose is to study in detail the immunological mechanisms of atherosclerosis after transplantation via immunomonitoring cohort of renal transplant patients in the Grand East Interregion. It was planned to include 500 patients and to date a little more than half have been included. After completion of the blood test, the tubes are routed over the Biomonitoring Platform (CIC-BT 506 Besançon) and the samples are stored in CRB Dijon.

The atherosclerotic events are recorded prospectively. The investigators hope to implement as part of ORLY IS, a second study to determine the impact of an expansion of regulatory T cells on the risk of atherosclerotic events.

Our hypothesis is that a cell rate regulatory T below the median results in an increase of 5% of atherosclerotic complications.