Oral Health and Risk Factors for Oral Disease

Primary outcomes

1. Periodontal disease

   Time frame: 10 years (2008-2018)

   The severity of alveolar bone loss are based on bone levels at interproximal sites as seen on radiographs in the premolar and molar regions in both jaws. The diagnostic categories are (1)'no bone loss', defined as normal alveolar bone height in the molar and premolar regions (i.e., a distance ≤2 mm between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest (2) moderate bone loss, defined as alveolar bone loss >2 mm but not exceeding one-third of the length of the roots, or if angular bony defects/furcation defects degree II and III are present on two to three teeth in the molar-premolar region; and (3)'severe bone loss', defined as alveolar bone loss exceeding one-third of the length of the roots, or if angular bony defects/furcation defects degree II and III are present on more than three teeth in the molar and premolar regions.

2. Periodontal disease

   Time frame: At one occasion (2018)

   The severity of alveolar bone loss are based on bone levels at interproximal sites as seen on radiographs in the premolar and molar regions in both jaws. The diagnostic categories are (1)'no bone loss', defined as normal alveolar bone height in the molar and premolar regions (i.e., a distance ≤2 mm between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest (2) moderate bone loss, defined as alveolar bone loss >2 mm but not exceeding one-third of the length of the roots, or if angular bony defects/furcation defects degree II and III are present on two to three teeth in the molar-premolar region; and (3)'severe bone loss', defined as alveolar bone loss exceeding one-third of the length of the roots, or if angular bony defects/furcation defects degree II and III are present on more than three teeth in the molar and premolar regions.

3. Risk factors for periodontal disease

   Time frame: Ten years (2008-2018)

   A questionnaire is used to assess risk factors for periodontal disease.The outcome variables is: Education:

   • Up to secondary school
   • University or college of higher learning

   Economy for dental care:

   • No limited financial resources for dental care
   • Limited financial resources for dental care

   Marital status:

   • Married/cohabitant
   • Single living

   Tobacco use:

   • Current smoker
   • Former smoker

4. Dental caries

   Time frame: 10 years (2008-2018)

   Number of teeth with dental caries

5. Dental caries

   Time frame: At one occasion (2018)

   Number of teeth with dental caries

6. Risk factors for dental caries

   Time frame: Ten years (2008-2018)

   Number of teeth with dental caries

7. Oral Health Related Quality of Life

   Time frame: One occasion (2018)

   A 9-item survey instrument (Oral Impact on Daily Performance), using a five-point Likert scale, ranging from "never" (1), "less than once a month (2), 1-2 times a month (3), 1-2 times a week (4), and "every, or nearly every day" (5) was used.

   The questions are as follows: "during the past 6 months, how often have problems with your mouth or teeth caused any difficulty with:

   • Eating and enjoying food
   • Speaking
   • Pronouncing clearly
   • Doing light physical activities
   • Cleaning teeth
   • Sleeping and relaxing
   • Smiling, laughing and showing teeth without embarrassment
   • Maintaining usual emotional state without being irritable
   • Carrying out major work or social role and enjoying contact with people