Oral FMT (Fecal Microbial Transplant) in Subjects with Multiple Sclerosis

The specific aims are to:

• Determine the tolerability of a single dose of 30 capsules in a group of adults with MS
• Determine whether any unexpected outcomes arise in participants who successfully complete an FMT procedure consisting of a single dose of 30 capsules
• Determine whether successfully completed FMT leads to engraftment of donor microbiome in participants
• If the FMT leads to engraftment of donor microbiome in participants, determine whether participants revert back to previous microbiome profiles, and if so, at what time point
• Determine whether engrafted species following the FMT, if detected, result in any changes in immune or metabolomic parameters relative to baseline
• Determine whether the FMT has any adverse impact, relative to baseline, on study participants' self-reported levels of fatigue, mental well-being, and health-related qualify of life
• Determine whether the FMT has any adverse impact, relative to baseline, on study participants' neurological status, relative to baseline

The study population will consist of adults with clinically definite MS who are currently untreated with any disease-modifying therapy or are being treated with glatiramer acetate or interferon beta. The research team will offer study participants a single FMT procedure in the form of 30 oral capsules which contain fecal material. Study participants will visit Griffin Hospital facilities 8 times. The first visit will involve a clinical screening. Of the 7 remaining visits, 6 will involve data collection and one will involve the FMT procedure.

Inclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) by 2017 McDonald Criteria
• Ages between 18 and 55 years, inclusive;
• Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) between 1.0 and 6.5.
• Currently untreated with any disease-modifying therapy (DMT) or currently being treated with glatiramer acetate or interferon beta.
• Ability to travel to Griffin Hospital for 8 visits over a 5-month period

Exclusion criteria

• Inability to give consent;
• Non-fluency in English;
• Inability to adhere to the protocol;
• Inability (e.g., dysphagia) to or unwillingness to swallow capsules;
• Active gastrointestinal infection at the time of enrollment;
• Use of antibiotics or corticosteroids within three months of study entry;
• Requiring or anticipating antibiotic use during the four weeks after study entry;
• MS relapse within one month of study entry;
• Previous use of any of the following FDA-approved disease-modifying drugs within 12 months of study entry, including natalizumab, fingolimod, siponimod, ozanimod, teriflunomide, diroximel, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and/or dimethyl fumarate; or any of the following off-label therapies, including rituximab and cyclophosphamide;
• Any previous use of the following FDA-approved DMTs, including mitoxantrone, alemtuzumab, and cladribine;
• IV immunoglobulin or plasma exchange within six months prior to study entry;
• Known or suspected toxic megacolon and/or known small bowel ileus;
• Major gastrointestinal surgery (e.g., significant bowel resection) within 3 months prior to enrollment (this does not include appendectomy or cholecystectomy);
• History of total colectomy or bariatric surgery;
• Concurrent intensive induction chemotherapy, radiation therapy or biological treatment for active malignancy;
• Anticipated life expectancy of less than six months;
• Concomitant other known autoimmune diseases;
• Concomitant pulmonary, cardiac, gastrointestinal (except as noted above) (Crohns, Colitis, inflammatory bowel, intestinal blockage), hepatic, dermatological or genitourinary disease.
• Moderate to severe dysphagia;
• History of alcohol abuse, as defined by the following criteria:

Men: 5 or more alcoholic beverages per session or day, or 15 or more per week; Women: 4 or more alcoholic beverages per session or day, or 8 or more per week;

• History of illicit drug abuse, e.g., of cocaine, heroin, PCP, and/or narcotic substances;
• Grade 1 or greater lymphopenia, as measured at baseline/clinical screening;
• Liver Function Tests (LFTs) greater than 1½ times upper limits of normal, as measured at baseline/clinical screening;
• History of use of FMT or microbiome-based products (excluding probiotics) at any time, excluding this study;
• History of severe anaphylactic or anaphylactoid food allergy;
• History of solid organ transplantation;
• Risk for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein Barr virus (EBV) associated disease (at investigator's discretion, e.g., immunocompromised and negative (immunoglobulin gamma) IgG testing for CMV or EBV);
• Women who are pregnant, lactating, planning to become pregnant, and/or not using an effective method of contraception (women of childbearing potential will undergo a pregnancy test, and will be excluded from the study if results are positive);
• Any allergies to neomycin or similar antibiotics such as amikacin (Amikin), gentamicin (Garamycin), kanamycin (Kantrex), paromomycin (Humatin, Paromycin), streptomycin, or tobramycin (Nebcin, Tobi);
• Any condition that would jeopardize the safety or rights of the subject, would make it unlikely for the subject to complete the study, or would confound the study results.
• Household contacts, including children under the age of 5 years, pregnant women, any person with an immunocompromised condition or on medications causing immunosuppression or persons 70 years or older;
• Failure to document a COVID-19 vaccine series at least two weeks prior to study entry.