Oral and Salivary Biomarkers Associated With Stroke

Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Growing scientific evidence suggests that oral health and salivary biomarkers may reflect systemic inflammatory and vascular conditions.

This observational study is designed to evaluate associations between oral clinical findings, salivary biomarkers, and stroke. Participants with a confirmed diagnosis of stroke will be enrolled. Data collection will include demographic information, medical history, oral examination findings, and salivary samples.

Analyses will focus on identifying correlations between oral and salivary parameters and clinical characteristics of stroke. This study does not involve any therapeutic intervention or experimental treatment. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of the oral-systemic relationship in cerebrovascular diseases and support future preventive strategies.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged 18 to 90 years.
• Patients diagnosed with stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) confirmed by clinical and imaging criteria for the stroke group.
• Healthy volunteers without a history of stroke or cerebrovascular disease for the control group.
• Ability to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• inflammatory disease at the time of sampling.
• Chronic autoimmune or malignant disease.
• Recent major surgery or trauma within the last 3 months.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Inability or refusal to provide saliva samples.