Optimization of Imagery Rescripting Research Using Generative Artificial Intelligence

The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) will be used to assess self-reported anxiety. Scores range from 0 to 21; higher scores indicate a higher level of generalized anxiety symptoms. Scores will be collected before the intervention and one week later to measure change in general anxiety levels following exposure to either AI-based ImRs or control scripts.

The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory was used to assess fear of failure. It is a 25-item questionnaire that measures the strength of subjective beliefs about the consequences of failure. The PFAI has five subscales: fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment; fear of devaluing one's self-esteem; fear of having an uncertain future; fear of important others losing interest; and fear of upsetting important others. PFAI score ranges from 35 to 175, with higher scores indicating a higher level of fear of failure.

A modified version of the Event-Related Rumination Inventory will be used to assess the frequency and intrusiveness of thoughts related to the autobiographical criticism memories. The scale includes both intrusive and reflective rumination items, ranging from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating a higher level of event-related rumination. Change in scores between baseline and follow-up will serve as an index of the cognitive impact of the intervention.

Electrodermal activity will be recorded continuously during the presentation of autobiographical scenarios to assess physiological arousal. The SCL signal will be analyzed during the baseline, critical, and neutral conditions, as well as during the imagery rescripting (ImRs) intervention (experimental group only). Data will be used to examine whether AI-generated criticism scripts elicit arousal.

Participants will rate the intensity of emotional reactions (fear, sadness, arousal, etc.) using Likert scales after each presented scenario. Scores will range from 1 to 10, with higher scores indicating a more intense emotional reaction. These ratings will help determine emotional engagement and compare affective response between criticism and neutral content, as well as between groups.

A panel of cognitive-behavioral therapists will rate the AI-generated and manually created scripts on a 10-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 20, for therapeutic quality, coherence, and emotional relevance. Higher scores will indicate higher quality/coherence/emotional relevance. Average therapist ratings will be used to test hypotheses about the acceptability of LLM-generated therapeutic content.

A custom-developed questionnaire will be administered to participants in the experimental group to assess their subjective evaluation of the imagery rescripting intervention. The measure includes items evaluating emotional intensity, difficulty with imagery, resistance to memory modification, trust in the therapeutic process, realism of the experience, and other affective and cognitive responses. Items are rated on 5-point Likert scales and grouped into subscales representing common therapeutic barriers and facilitators. Each subscale ranges from 4 to 20, with a higher score indicating a higher problem with imagery techniques. The total and subscale scores will be analyzed to explore which factors are associated with intervention acceptance and perceived effectiveness.

The Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substance Use Tool (TAPS) will be used to screen for problematic substance use. The self-report version of the TAPS consists of two parts: (1) past 12-month use of tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription medication for non-medical use. Scores will range from 1 (never) to 5 (every day/almost every day), with higher scores indicating a greater frequency of substance use. Scores will be used to exclude participants with probable substance use disorders, in line with the study's eligibility criteria.

Self-report scale assessing PTSD symptoms as defined by DSM-5 criteria. The instrument includes 10 items evaluating symptom frequency over the previous 7 days on a 0-4 Likert scale. Total scores range from 0 to 40.

The Working Alliance Inventory - Short Revised (WAI-SR) is a 12-item self-report measure assessing the perceived quality of the therapeutic alliance across three subscales: Goal, Task, and Bond. Each subscale ranges from 4 to 20, with a higher score indicating a higher level of working alliance factors. General scores range from 12 to 60, with a higher score indicating a higher level of working alliance. In this study, the WAI-SR was adapted to assess participants' sense of connection and alliance with the AI-delivered intervention (e.g., the rescripting script and voice used). Scores will be used to explore whether the subjective sense of alliance predicts perceived effectiveness, emotional impact, or response to the intervention.

The Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II), is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of depressive symptoms, with total scores ranging from 0 to 63. Higher scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. In this study, the BDI-II was administered at screening to assess baseline depressive symptoms. While not used as a formal outcome variable, BDI-II scores may be included in exploratory analyses to examine their potential moderating effects on emotional responses or intervention acceptance.