Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Characteristics of Radiation Optic Neuropathy

Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCTA (Optovue, Inc., CA, USA) were performed in the RE patients. All examinations were performed by experienced ophthalmic examiners. AngioVue software 2.0 of the RTVue XR Avanti device (Optovue, Inc., CA, USA) was used to perform OCTA imaging. The split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography (SSADA) algorithm was applied to the scans. Images with a scan quality of not less than 6 were included, while images with obvious artifacts detected by a senior ophthalmologist were excluded. The vessel density (VD) and retinal thickness of the macular and optic nerve head (ONH) area were automatically analyzed in 6 × 6 mm angioretina mode and 4.5 × 4.5 mm angiodisc mode, respectively.

The statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS 24.0 (SPSS Inc., IL, USA). Student's t-test was performed to compare normally distributed variables, while the Mann-Whitney test was performed to compare nonnormally distributed variables. Categorical variables were analyzed with the chi-squared test Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The major statistically significant OCTA variables were included in the multivariable binary logistic regression model between NRON and RON. Then, thereceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated according to the model, and the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) were reported. In addition, for all RE patients, backward multiple linear regression was performed between each of the above OCTA variables and the statistically significant endocrine indexes.

Inclusion criteria

(1) Paitients were diagnosed as radiation encephalopathy (RE) confirmed by a neurologist based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The RE patients were divided into RON and non-RON (NRON) groups.

(2）The diagnosis of RON was established according to the following criteria: 1) painless progressive sight loss, 2) abnormal VEP and VF defect, and/or 3) ophthalmoscopic evidence of blurring of the optic disc margins, dilation of retinal veins, hemorrhages, exudates, neovascularization or atrophic optic disc, and/or 4) impaired optic nerve based on MRI.

Exclusion criteria

• other diseases that may cause sight loss, such as stroke, glaucoma, optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy and other optic neuropathy and retinal diseases;
• NPC recurrence or metastase;
• uncontrollable diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other serious systemic diseases;
• lens opacity that affected imaging;
• an axial length of the included eye greater than 26 mm or a spherical equivalent outside the range between + 3.0 and -3.0 diopters, and
• a history of intraocular surgery.