Opioid Sparing Effect of Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

However, managing postoperative pain remains a significant challenge. Research suggests that 86% of surgical patients experience pain, with 75% enduring moderate to severe levels .

The Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block (SPGB) is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated method for managing craniofacial pain. The ganglion comprises both sensory and autonomic nerves, which innervate the nasal cavity, palate, and certain areas of the nasopharynx and oropharynx . SPGB involves the administration of analgesic agents into the nasal cavity, typically through an endoscopic approach due to the challenges of transnasal injection . Some complications, such as postoperative nosebleeds, and temporary numbness of the palate, have been observed following the blockade with endoscopic intervention, but these are generally temporary .

Studies evaluating the effects of the sphenopalatine block in endoscopic sinus surgery suggest that patients who received the ganglion block experienced reduced postoperative pain compared to those in the placebo group when combined with general anaesthesia .

Inclusion criteria

• • Patients programmed for elective FESS

• American society of anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical state I-II
• Age over 18 years and less than 60-years-old.

Exclusion criteria

• • Known hypersensitivity to the study drugs.

• Inability to accurately describe postoperative pain to investigators.
• Opioid tolerance or dependence.
• Patient refusal
• History of renal, liver, cardiac, neuropsychiatric disorder problems.
• Bleeding or coagulation abnormality.
• Infection at the site of injection