Opioid-free Anesthesia for Open Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

This is a single center, blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial. A total of 158 subjects (79 subjects in each arm) are planned. The control group will receive a traditional cardiac anesthetic using opioids, for which induction will include fentanyl and propofol. The experimental arm will receive an opioid free anesthetic with an induction bolus of dexmedetomidine and propofol. The investigators hypothesize that using the opioid free technique will be more hemodynamically stable within the first 10 minutes of induction.

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female ≥ 18 years of age at the time of consent.
• Undergoing non-emergent open cardiac procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass support, including: CABG, aortic aneurysm repair, valve repair/replacement, or CABG in combination with valve repair/replacement.
• Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Chronic opioid use defined as preoperative MED >100 daily.
• Hypersensitivity or contraindication to any of the study medications.
• Pre-existing Alzheimer's/vascular dementia.
• Pre-existing psychiatric disorder precluding ability to provide informed consent or use a visual analogue scale for pain.
• Childs-Pugh Class C liver failure or acute liver failure.
• Emergent open heart surgery, including type A aortic dissections, trauma, or conversion (bail out) from another procedure such as cardiac catheterization, ablation, transcatheter aortic valve replacement or any other general surgical procedure.
• Pregnancy or lactating.
• Inability to comply with the requirements of the study, per investigator judgment.
• Patients determined to need an awake intubation.