Open Label Trial of Oral Letermovir for CMV Prophylaxis in Thoracic Transplant Recipients

This study is a prospective cohort design. Subjects exposed to letermovir for CMV prophylaxis following heart or lung transplantation will be compared with those who received standard valganciclovir prophylaxis in the two years before the study began (referred to as the "pre-intervention" period). The goal is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of letermovir.

Inclusion criteria

In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:

• Age is >=18 years on the day of transplantation.
• Heart or Lung transplant recipient.
• Donor and/or Recipient CMV seropositive (defined by positive IgG) within 1 year prior to transplantation.
• Able to start oral CMV prophylaxis within 14 days (heart graft recipients) or 28 days (lung graft recipients) of transplantation.
• Males at birth agree to use contraception during the treatment period, and for at least 90 days after the last dose of study treatment, and refrain from donating sperm during this period.
• Female at birth is not pregnant or breastfeeding. If of childbearing potential, agrees to follow the contraception guidance during the treatment period and for at least 90 days after the last dose of study treatment.
• A male or female subject who is of reproductive potential agrees to true abstinence or to use (or have their partner use) 1 acceptable method of birth control starting from the time of consent through 90 days after the last dose of study therapy. True abstinence is defined as abstinence in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. Periodic abstinence (e.g., abstinence only on certain calendar days, abstinence only during ovulation period, use of symptothermal method, use of post-ovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception. Acceptable methods of birth control are: intrauterine device (IUD), diaphragm with spermicide, contraceptive sponge, condom, and vasectomy OR use of appropriate double barrier contraception as per local regulations or guidelines. Hormonal contraceptives (e.g., birth control pills, transdermal patch, or injectables) are unacceptable methods of birth control for use in this study because it is not known whether these methods are affected by co- administration of letermovir.

Exclusion criteria

An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

• Any prior solid organ transplant.
• Dual organ transplantation.
• Prior treated CMV infection.
• Unknown CMV serostatus of the donor or recipient.
• Suspected or known hypersensitivity to active or inactive ingredients of letermovir formulations and/or acyclovir formulations.
• CrCl <10 mL/minute, using Cockcroft-Gault equation, or renal replacement therapy at the time of enrollment.
• Child-Pugh Class C severe hepatic insufficiency at enrollment.
• Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN) or serum total bilirubin > 2.5 x ULN. Note: Subjects who meet this exclusion criterion may, at the discretion of the investigator, have one repeat set of relevant labs done. If the repeat value does not meet this criterion, they may continue in the enrollment process.
• Both moderate hepatic insufficiency AND moderate renal insufficiency. Note: Moderate hepatic insufficiency is defined as Child Pugh Class B; moderate renal insufficiency is defined as a creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min, as calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation.
• Neutropenia, defined as absolute neutrophil count <1,500/microliter, at the time of enrollment.
• Severe thrombocytopenia, defined as platelets <50,000/microliter, at the time of enrollment.
• Any uncontrolled infection on the day of enrollment.
• Documented positive results for human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIV-Ab) test at any time prior to enrollment, or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) within 90 days prior to enrollment.
• Documented positive result for hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab) and with detectable HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) within 90 days prior to enrollment with need for treatment with direct acting antiviral other than the following: glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, or elbasvir/grazoprevir.
• Pregnant or expecting to conceive, is breastfeeding, or plans to breastfeed from the time of consent through at least 90 days following cessation of study therapy.
• Expecting to donate eggs or sperm starting from the time of consent through at least 90 days following cessation of study therapy.
• Received within 30 days prior to enrollment or plans to receive during the study any of the following anti-CMV IgG antibody treatment or anti-CMV drug therapy including the following: Cidofovir, CMV hyper-immune globulin, any investigational CMV antiviral agent/biologic therapy.
• Heart transplant recipients received >14 days of IV ganciclovir or oral valganciclovir prior to initiation of study drug or plans to receive during the study any of the following anti-CMV drug therapy: ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet. Lung transplant recipients received >28 days of IV ganciclovir or oral valganciclovir prior to initiation of study drug or plans to receive during the study any of the following anti-CMV drug therapy: ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet.
• Currently participating or has participated in a study with an unapproved investigational compound within 28 days, or 5× half-life of the investigational compound whichever is longer, of initial dosing on this study.
• Previously participated in this study or any other study involving letermovir.
• Previously participated or is currently participating in any study involving administration of a CMV vaccine or another CMV investigational agent or is planning to participate in a study of a CMV vaccine or another CMV investigational agent during the course of this study.
• For unexposed subjects, any letermovir exposure.
• Are unable to take medications orally by day 14 post heart transplant or by day 28 post lung transplant.