Online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask Method in Falls Education for Nursing Students

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an online fall prevention training program, developed based on the Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask instructional strategy, on the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors of fourth-year undergraduate nursing students. This evaluation will be conducted using the four levels of the Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Evaluation Model, and it aims to comprehensively determine both the learning outcomes of the training and its reflection on clinical practice.

Type of Research This research will be conducted using a randomized controlled experimental design. Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups using the block randomization method.

Location and Time of the Study The study will be conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, İnönü University, between February and June 2026.

Participants/Sample The study population will consist of fourth-year undergraduate nursing participants enrolled in the Nursing Internship Course at the Faculty of Nursing, İnönü University, during the 2025-2026 academic year. Power analysis indicated a minimum sample size of 56 participants; however, considering potential attrition, a total of 66 participants will be recruited. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be assigned to the experimental and control groups using a block randomization method. Each group will include 33 participants (Experimental Group = 33; Control Group = 33).

Method / Intervention Participants in both groups will receive the standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. In addition, participants in the experimental group will receive an evidence-based fall prevention training delivered through an online learning model structured according to the Watch-Summarize-Question (WSQ) teaching strategy. The intervention will include video-based learning, structured summarization activities, question generation, and interactive online discussion sessions to reinforce learning and promote active participation. The control group will continue with the standard curriculum without receiving the WSQ-based training. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated measurement tools assessing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavioral outcomes related to fall management.

Data Collection Tools Participant Information Form: Participants' demographic characteristics, educational background, and access to technological resources required for participation in online learning platforms.

Satisfaction with E-Learning Scale (Turkish version: E-Derslere Yönelik Memnuniyet Ölçeği): The scale consists of 35 items and five subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert-type scale scored between 1 and 5.

Falls Management Knowledge Test: This test will be developed by the researcher based on a literature review to assess participants' knowledge levels on falls management and to evaluate the effectiveness of the education on the patient safety knowledge subdimension Scales for Assessing Self-Efficacy: The scale consists of 11 items prepared in a 6-point Likert-type format.

Attitudes of Nurses Toward Falls Prevention Scale (Turkish version: Hemşirelerin Düşmelerin Önlenmesine Yönelik Tutumları Ölçeği): The scale consists of 19 items and 5 subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert scale scored between 1 and 5.

Care Plan Evaluation Form: A structured seven-item assessment form developed by the researchers will be used to determine the extent to which students reflect their knowledge and awareness of fall management in their care plans.

Expected Results/Significance The study is expected to determine the effectiveness of the online fall prevention education developed based on the WSQ learning strategy in improving nursing students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors regarding fall management. The findings are anticipated to support the integration of structured, evidence-based online teaching methods into nursing education, enhance patient safety awareness, strengthen clinical decision-making skills, and contribute to the quality of nursing care

Inclusion criteria

• Volunteers from the 4th year students of the Nursing Faculty at İnönü University

Exclusion criteria

• Graduates of high school, associate's degree, or bachelor's degree programs in a health-related field
• Students who have enrolled in the 4th grade for the second time
• Students who do not have the technical means to access the online education platform
• Students who wish to withdraw from the research at any stage
• Students who do not participate in the training sessions
• Students who do not complete the data collection forms